جهاد دانشگاهی-پژوهشکده توسعه صنایع شیمیایی ایران نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران 1022-7768 44 4 2026 02 01 Iron Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Derived from NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) MOF for Negative Electrode Applications in Superbatteries نانوکامپوزیت اکسید آهن-اکسید گرافن کاهش یافته مشتق از چارچوب فلز-آلی NH2-MIL-101 (Fe) برای کاربرد در الکترود منفی ابرباتری‌ها 31 47 729799 FA ابوالحسن نوری بخش شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران 0009-0002-3606-1107 محسن قاسمی بخش شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2025 06 27 <em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Growing environmental concerns and the rapid proliferation of portable electronic devices have spurred intensive interest in the development of efficient batteries and supercapacitors. A major challenge in advancing high-performance supercapacitors lies in the design and optimization of negative electrode materials with higher capacitances. In this study, a metal–organic framework (MOF), NH₂-MIL-101(Fe), was synthesized hydrothermally at a low temperature (130 °C) using 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid as the organic linker and Fe–O clusters as the metal nodes. Subsequently, this MOF was combined with graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of urea via a hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C to yield a nanocomposite consisting of iron oxide embedded in a carbonaceous framework (α-Fe₂O₃/C) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), denoted as Fe₂O₃–rGO. The Fe₂O₃–rGO nanocomposite delivered a high specific capacitance of 482 F g⁻¹ at a specific current of 1 A g⁻¹ within the potential window of –1.1 to 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a 0.3 M KOH electrolyte. This value is significantly higher than that of the individual components, MOF (98 F g⁻¹) and rGO (251 F g⁻¹). Moreover, the Fe₂O₃–rGO electrode retained 55% of its initial capacitance at an ultrahigh specific current of 50 A g⁻¹, demonstrating excellent rate capability. The superior performance of the Fe₂O₃–rGO nanocomposite can be attributed to the combined energy storage mechanisms, namely electric double-layer capacitance from rGO and pseudocapacitance from Fe₂O₃, as well as the synergistic interactions between these components. This work represents a promising step toward the development of efficient negative electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors and batteries, providing a foundation for next-generation energy storage devices.</span></em> <em><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">به دلیل نگرانی‌های فزاینده زیست‌محیطی و رشد سریع دستگاه‌های الکترونیکی قابل حمل، توسعه‌ی </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">باتری‌ها</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> و ابرخازن‌های کارآمد مورد توجه گسترده قرار گرفته‌ است. یکی از چالش‌های اصلی در توسعه‌ی ابرخازن‌های بهره‌ور، طراحی و بهینه‌سازی مواد قطب منفی با ظرفیت بالاتر است</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">. در این پژوهش، یک چارچوب فلز-آلی </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(MOF)</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span lang="FA">بر پایه 2-آمینو بنزن 1و4 دی کربوکسیلیک اسید به‌عنوان لیگاند آلی و خوشه‌های فلزی </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Fe-O</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span lang="FA">به عنوان گره، با نام </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">NH₂-MIL-101 (Fe)</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">، </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">به روش گرمابی در دمای پایین (130 درجه سلسیوس) سنتز شد. سپس این </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">MOF</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> با اکسید گرافن (</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">GO</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">) در حضور اوره و به روش گرمابی در دمای 180 درجه سلسیوس ترکیب شد تا نانوکامپوزیتی متشکل از اکسید آهن تثبیت شده درون یک چارچوب کربنی (</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">α-Fe₂O₃/C</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">) و اکسید گرافن کاهش یافته (</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">rGO</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">)، به اختصار </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Fe₂O₃-rGO</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">، حاصل شود. نانوکامپوزیت </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Fe₂O₃-rGO</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span lang="FA">ظرفیت ویژه</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">‌</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">ی تا 482 فاراد بر گرم در جریان ویژه 1 آمپر بر گرم </span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">در گستره پتانسیل 0 تا 1/1- ولت نسبت به الکترود مرجع نقره/کلرید نقره در الکترولیت 0/3 مولار </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">KOH</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span lang="FA">را</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> از خود نشان داد. این مقدار به‌طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از ظرفیت ویژه‌ی هر یک از اجزا شامل </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">MOF</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span lang="FA">(98 فاراد بر گرم) و </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">rGO</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> (251 فاراد بر گرم) است. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">علاوه بر این، الکترود </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Fe₂O₃-rGO</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 55% <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>از ظرفیت اولیه خود را در جریان 50 آمپر بر گرم حفظ کرد که نشانگر عملکرد مطلوب آن در سرعت‌های بالا است</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">. عملکرد برجسته‌ی نانوکامپوزیت </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Fe₂O₃-rGO</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> را می‌توان به </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ترکیب دو مکانیسم ذخیره‌سازی انرژی شامل ذخیره‌سازی بار در لایه‌ی دوگانه‌ی الکتریکی توسط</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> rGO </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و ظرفیت خازنی شبه‌فارادایی ناشی از</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> Fe₂O₃ </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">نسبت داد؛ همچنین اثرات هم‌افزایی میان این دو جزء نقش کلیدی در بهبود عملکرد نهایی ایفا می‌کند. </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.4pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">این تحقیق گامی مؤثر در جهت توسعه‌ی مواد قطب منفی کارآمد برای ابرباتری‌ها و ابرخازن‌ها محسوب می‌شود</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> و بستر مناسبی برای پیشبرد نسل جدیدی از ابزارهای ذخیره‌سازی انرژی فراهم می‌آورد</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.</span></em> https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_729799_b2321c88d90ff5dea7c67e580fb10bb8.pdf