جهاد دانشگاهی-پژوهشکده توسعه صنایع شیمیایی ایران نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران 1022-7768 44 4 2026 02 01 Effect of Operating Conditions on the Efficiency of Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Lead in Microchannel اثر شرایط عملیاتی بر راندمان استخراج مایع-مایع سرب در میکروکانال 147 156 730791 FA مهناز یاسمی گروه مهندسی شیمی، واحد ایوان غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایوان غرب، ایران Journal Article 2025 07 08 <span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Owing to its unique properties, lead as a heavy metal, is widely utilized in various industries. Nevertheless, lead is known as one of the most toxic elements for human beings. Microchannel provides a novel approach to liquid-liquid extraction, which enables us to have a very fast mass transfer process, high throughput, and better control of the flow pattern. Due to increased surface area to volume, reduced extraction time, reduced solvent consumption and improved extraction efficiency, separation processes in microchannels have attracted attention of researchers over the past two decades. In the present study, lead (II) was removed from aqueous solution in a micro-mixer using D2EHPA solvent. The effect of microchannel angle of incidence (45°, 90°, 135°, 180°), two-phase flow rate ratio (0.5, 1, and 2), nanoparticle concentration (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 w/v), inert gas flow rate (2, 4, and 6 mL/min), and ultrasound irradiation and their combination were investigated to improve lead removal and increase mass transfer. The results demonstrated that the use of inert gas, nanoparticles under magnetic and ultrasonic fields increases the mixing and mass transfer rate. Accordingly, the removal efficiency of lead (II) rises to 96.88%. <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">سرب، فلز سنگینی است که به دلیل خواص منحصر به فردش در صنایع مختلف کاربرد گسترده‌ای دارد.<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> با این حال یکی از سمی‌ترین عناصر شناخته شده برای انسان است. میکروکانال رویکردی نوین در استخراج مایع-مایع ارائه می‌دهد که در آن فرآیند انتقال جرم بسیار سریع، توان عملیاتی بالا و کنترل بهتر الگوی جریان را داریم. <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">فرایندهای <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">جداسازی به کمک <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">میکروکانال <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">در <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">دو <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">دهه گذشته <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt;">به دلیل <span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">افزایش نسبت سطح به حجم، کاهش زمان استخراج ، کاهش مصرف حلال<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> و<span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">بهبود راندمان استخراج<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> مورد توجه قرار گفته است. در مطالعه حاضر، حذف سرب (II) <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">از محلول آبی در یک میکرومیکسر با استفاده از حلال D2EHPA <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">انجام شد. تأثیر زاویه برخورد میکروکانال(°<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">45, ° <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">90, °<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> 135, °<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> 180)، نسبت شدت جریان دو فاز(5/0، 1 و 2)، غلظت نانوذرات(w/v <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> 01/0، 02/0، 03/0 و 04/0)، <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">شدت جریان گاز بی اثر (<span dir="LTR" lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic',serif; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">mL/min<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Italic'; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> 4،2و6) و تابش امواج فراصوت و ترکیب آنها برای بهبود حذف سرب<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> و افزایش میزان انتقال جرم بررسی شد. <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از گاز بی‌اثر، نانوذرات تحت میدان مغناطیسی و فراصوت میزان اختلاط و انتقال جرم را افزایش داد. راندمان حذف سرب<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> (II)<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">به 88/96 % افزایش یافت.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_730791_59f03f26f8471a46ec7eaf5ef3326e21.pdf