Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 08 23 Theoretical Study of Propofol Drug Encapsulation within Cyclodextrins' Nanocavity Using Quantum Calculations Theoretical Study of Propofol Drug Encapsulation within Cyclodextrins' Nanocavity Using Quantum Calculations 1 12 726388 FA Vahid Sokhanvaran Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Engineering, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, IR. IRAN Esmail Rezaei-Seresht Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, IR. IRAN Seyyed Ali Tabasi Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Engineering, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, IR. IRAN Journal Article 2025 01 27 According to the importance of drug delivery subject, cyclodextrins were used as a host to form host-guest complex with propofol (an anesthetic drug) in this study. Also, considering the importance of the adsorption phenomenon as the first factor in the drug delivery system, this parameter was investigated to evaluate the performance of cyclodextrins as drug carriers. In order to study the effect of factors such as cavity size on the structural and electronic properties of cyclodextrins and their complex with propofol drug, semi-empirical, Hartree-Fock quantum calculations and also, the computations by density functional theory (DFT) method were used. The propofol adsorption energy values on alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrins are -101.6, -106.7 and -115.7 (kJ/mol) by DFT method. These values indicate that the drug adsorption on all three types of cyclodextrins is favorable and stable and the highest adsorption value is on gamma-cyclodextrin which has a larger pore size than the other two types of cyclodextrins. Analysis of AIM and NBO calculations showed the possibility of forming hydrogen bonds between propofol drug and cyclodextrins. The hydrogen bond formed between propofol and gamma-cyclodextrin is considered strong. The results showed that DFT calculations are more precise than Hartree-Fock and semi-empirical calculations and among the investigated three cyclodextrins, gamma-cyclodextrin is the most suitable host for propofol. According to the importance of drug delivery subject, cyclodextrins were used as a host to form host-guest complex with propofol (an anesthetic drug) in this study. Also, considering the importance of the adsorption phenomenon as the first factor in the drug delivery system, this parameter was investigated to evaluate the performance of cyclodextrins as drug carriers. In order to study the effect of factors such as cavity size on the structural and electronic properties of cyclodextrins and their complex with propofol drug, semi-empirical, Hartree-Fock quantum calculations and also, the computations by density functional theory (DFT) method were used. The propofol adsorption energy values on alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrins are -101.6, -106.7 and -115.7 (kJ/mol) by DFT method. These values indicate that the drug adsorption on all three types of cyclodextrins is favorable and stable and the highest adsorption value is on gamma-cyclodextrin which has a larger pore size than the other two types of cyclodextrins. Analysis of AIM and NBO calculations showed the possibility of forming hydrogen bonds between propofol drug and cyclodextrins. The hydrogen bond formed between propofol and gamma-cyclodextrin is considered strong. The results showed that DFT calculations are more precise than Hartree-Fock and semi-empirical calculations and among the investigated three cyclodextrins, gamma-cyclodextrin is the most suitable host for propofol.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_726388_6386bd1ac502d0c629a5ef3c5bf5b1d0.pdf

Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 08 23 Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Photocatalytic Performance of the Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 Composite Fabricated Using Ultrasonic Waves for the Degradation of Methyl Orange Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Photocatalytic Performance of the Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 Composite Fabricated Using Ultrasonic Waves for the Degradation of Methyl Orange 13 26 728677 FA Mina Khademi Department of Physics, Jundishapur Dezful University of Technology, Dezful, IR. IRAN Nemat Tahmasebi Department of Physics, Jundishapur Dezful University of Technology, Dezful, IR. IRAN 0000-0002-7214-1684 Shahram Barzegar Department of Chemistry, Jundishapur Dezful University of Technology, Dezful, IR. IRAN Hamze Moayeri Department of Physics, Jundishapur Dezful University of Technology, Dezful, IR. IRAN Journal Article 2025 01 01 One of the innovative and effective methods for removing these pollutants is the use of photocatalytic technology. In this study, ultrasonic waves at room temperature are employed to synthesis the Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 (BSO/g-CN) composite. The synthesized samples are characterized using various analyses including XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDS, EDS, N2 adsorption-desorption technique, PL, DRS, and EIS. The photocatalytic performance of the samples is compared based on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under irradiation. The results show that in the presence of the BSO/g-CN composite, approximately 94.7% of MO molecules are degraded, while in the presence of pure g-C3N4 and Bi2Sn2O7, 23.3% and 9.4% of MO molecules are degraded after 90 min of exposure to irradiation, respectively. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance of the BSO/g-CN composite sample has significantly improves compared to the pure samples. This enhancement in photocatalytic performance is attributed to the effective separation of the photogenerated charge carriers and the reduced charge transfer resistance in the composite sample. Finally, the mechanism and the active species involved in the photocatalytic reactions of BSO/g-CN composite are determined. Furthermore, the examination of the stability of photocatalytic performance indicated that the BSO/g-CN sample has suitable reusability in five consecutive cycles of MO degradation. One of the innovative and effective methods for removing these pollutants is the use of photocatalytic technology. In this study, ultrasonic waves at room temperature are employed to synthesis the Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 (BSO/g-CN) composite. The synthesized samples are characterized using various analyses including XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDS, EDS, N2 adsorption-desorption technique, PL, DRS, and EIS. The photocatalytic performance of the samples is compared based on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under irradiation. The results show that in the presence of the BSO/g-CN composite, approximately 94.7% of MO molecules are degraded, while in the presence of pure g-C3N4 and Bi2Sn2O7, 23.3% and 9.4% of MO molecules are degraded after 90 min of exposure to irradiation, respectively. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance of the BSO/g-CN composite sample has significantly improves compared to the pure samples. This enhancement in photocatalytic performance is attributed to the effective separation of the photogenerated charge carriers and the reduced charge transfer resistance in the composite sample. Finally, the mechanism and the active species involved in the photocatalytic reactions of BSO/g-CN composite are determined. Furthermore, the examination of the stability of photocatalytic performance indicated that the BSO/g-CN sample has suitable reusability in five consecutive cycles of MO degradation.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_728677_c5acb89c2d2089e39bbcacf7d2d9b960.pdf

Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 08 23 Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nymphaea Alba Flower and Investigation of Their Catalytic Properties in the Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nymphaea Alba Flower and Investigation of Their Catalytic Properties in the Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives 27 40 723212 FA Elham Ghorbanian Farahabadi Department of Chemistry, Ghaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, IR. IRAN Navabeh Nami Department of Chemistry, Ghaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, IR. IRAN 0000-0003-2656-3410 Nilufar Alizadeh Department of Chemistry, Ghaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, IR. IRAN Journal Article 2024 04 29 The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out using the extract of the Nymphaea Alba flower, family Nymphaeaceae. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of nanoparticles were optimized by varying temperatures, pH levels, and different ratios of extract to zinc acetate. The synthesized nanoparticles were tracked by UV-Vis, showing the best spectrum at 50°C, pH=10, and a 1:2 ratio of extract to zinc acetate with a maximum wavelength appearing in the 315 nm region. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were collected and calcined. Their FT-IR spectrum was examined and compared before and after calcination, showing a thin layer of chemical substances from the plant extract attached to the nanoparticles before calcination. After calcination, Zn-O stretching vibrations appeared in the 475 cm-1 region. The morphology and crystal structure of the zinc oxide nanoparticles were identified and characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM. A hexagonal crystal structure with a spherical appearance and a size of about 30-70 nm was determined for the zinc oxide nanoparticles. This compound was then used as an effective catalyst in the synthesis of new triazole derivatives. The one-step reaction of aromatic aldehyde with aminoguanidine and dimedone was catalyzed in the presence of 0.07 grams of ZnO nanoparticles. New 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were obtained in ethanol solvent under reflux conditions after 90 minutes, with good to excellent yields. The products were identified by FT-IR, NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. Finally, the catalyst was easily recovered by centrifugation and was reusable. The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out using the extract of the Nymphaea Alba flower, family Nymphaeaceae. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of nanoparticles were optimized by varying temperatures, pH levels, and different ratios of extract to zinc acetate. The synthesized nanoparticles were tracked by UV-Vis, showing the best spectrum at 50°C, pH=10, and a 1:2 ratio of extract to zinc acetate with a maximum wavelength appearing in the 315 nm region. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were collected and calcined. Their FT-IR spectrum was examined and compared before and after calcination, showing a thin layer of chemical substances from the plant extract attached to the nanoparticles before calcination. After calcination, Zn-O stretching vibrations appeared in the 475 cm-1 region. The morphology and crystal structure of the zinc oxide nanoparticles were identified and characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM. A hexagonal crystal structure with a spherical appearance and a size of about 30-70 nm was determined for the zinc oxide nanoparticles. This compound was then used as an effective catalyst in the synthesis of new triazole derivatives. The one-step reaction of aromatic aldehyde with aminoguanidine and dimedone was catalyzed in the presence of 0.07 grams of ZnO nanoparticles. New 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were obtained in ethanol solvent under reflux conditions after 90 minutes, with good to excellent yields. The products were identified by FT-IR, NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. Finally, the catalyst was easily recovered by centrifugation and was reusable.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_723212_1c39e75533f7ab336429b3707028fd35.pdf

Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 08 23 Optimization of the Performance of LaMO3 (M: Mn, Fe, Co & Ni) Nanocatalysts in the Advanced Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin Pharmaceutical Pollutants Using Response Surface Methodology Optimization of the Performance of LaMO3 (M: Mn, Fe, Co & Ni) Nanocatalysts in the Advanced Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin Pharmaceutical Pollutants Using Response Surface Methodology 41 53 725157 FA Mohammad Ali Jalali Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, IR. IRAN Seyyed Mahdi Mousavi Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kashan University, Kashan, IR. IRAN Journal Article 2025 02 26 In this research, lanthanum perovskite nanocatalysts with some transition metals LaMO3 (M: Mn, Fe, Co & Ni) by sol-gel method with two different complexing agents citric acid and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride were prepared Characterization of perovskite nanostructures prepared by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nitrogen absorption and desorption by Blair method - Emmett-Taylor (BET) were performed. The XRD results showed that the perovskites prepared in the presence of citric acid had a more perfect crystal structure. SEM and EDS analysis confirmed the nano structure and uniform distribution of elements in perovskite, and also DLS analysis showed that the largest size distribution of perovskite particles examined in the fluid medium is between 100-500 nm. The performance of the prepared nanostructures in the degradation of ciprofloxacin in the presence of the oxidant potassium persulfate was investigated. The perovskite nanocatalyst LaCoO3 prepared in the presence of citric acid had the highest percentage of ciprofloxacin degradation (71%). With the aim of modeling the effect of some operating variables and optimizing the degradation percentage on the optimized LaCoO3 catalyst, the experiment was designed with the response surface method (RSM). The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the regression coefficient of the obtained model (R2) indicated the significance of the modeling. The highest pollutant degradation percentage on the selected catalyst was predicted to be 97.69%, which will be achieved at a temperature of 47.77°C, pH equal to 7.17, nanocatalyst mass 0.12 grams and potassium persulfate mass 0.28 grams. The result of the laboratory conducted under these conditions was also very close to the result predicted by the model. In this research, lanthanum perovskite nanocatalysts with some transition metals LaMO3 (M: Mn, Fe, Co & Ni) by sol-gel method with two different complexing agents citric acid and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride were prepared Characterization of perovskite nanostructures prepared by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nitrogen absorption and desorption by Blair method - Emmett-Taylor (BET) were performed. The XRD results showed that the perovskites prepared in the presence of citric acid had a more perfect crystal structure. SEM and EDS analysis confirmed the nano structure and uniform distribution of elements in perovskite, and also DLS analysis showed that the largest size distribution of perovskite particles examined in the fluid medium is between 100-500 nm. The performance of the prepared nanostructures in the degradation of ciprofloxacin in the presence of the oxidant potassium persulfate was investigated. The perovskite nanocatalyst LaCoO3 prepared in the presence of citric acid had the highest percentage of ciprofloxacin degradation (71%). With the aim of modeling the effect of some operating variables and optimizing the degradation percentage on the optimized LaCoO3 catalyst, the experiment was designed with the response surface method (RSM). The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the regression coefficient of the obtained model (R2) indicated the significance of the modeling. The highest pollutant degradation percentage on the selected catalyst was predicted to be 97.69%, which will be achieved at a temperature of 47.77°C, pH equal to 7.17, nanocatalyst mass 0.12 grams and potassium persulfate mass 0.28 grams. The result of the laboratory conducted under these conditions was also very close to the result predicted by the model.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_725157_4acf504875fe151909febfd74b838536.pdf

Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 08 23 Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Conductive Polymer Nanocomposite Based on 2-Aminophenol and Palm Taroone Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Conductive Polymer Nanocomposite Based on 2-Aminophenol and Palm Taroone 55 64 728678 FA Jalil Khezri Department of Chemistry, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, IR. IRAN 0009-0001-4865-1721 Ghasem Rahpaima Department of Chemistry, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, IR. IRAN 0000-0002-1181-5235 Journal Article 2024 11 08 Absorbents based on polymer composites are of great importance due to their diverse and potential applications. Nowadays, the use of natural polymers in composites has been considered due to their biodegradable properties. In this research, 2-aminophenol based composite adsorbent containing palm frond inspired by nature was used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to determine the structural characteristics of this polymer nanocomposite. The effect of different parameters such as pH, adsorbent amount, nanocomposite percentage composition, contact time and primary dye concentration on the methylene blue color removal process was investigated and the results were obtained as 10, 0/05 g, 40% and 30 minutes in the absorption of methylene blue by this nanocomposite.Adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) were investigated and it was found to be the best match with the Freundlich model. Also, kinetic investigations (first-order, second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Ritchie kinetic models) showed that it is in better agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Based on the results, this nanocomposite adsorbent can have a significant potential to remove dyes. Absorbents based on polymer composites are of great importance due to their diverse and potential applications. Nowadays, the use of natural polymers in composites has been considered due to their biodegradable properties. In this research, 2-aminophenol based composite adsorbent containing palm frond inspired by nature was used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to determine the structural characteristics of this polymer nanocomposite. The effect of different parameters such as pH, adsorbent amount, nanocomposite percentage composition, contact time and primary dye concentration on the methylene blue color removal process was investigated and the results were obtained as 10, 0/05 g, 40% and 30 minutes in the absorption of methylene blue by this nanocomposite.Adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) were investigated and it was found to be the best match with the Freundlich model. Also, kinetic investigations (first-order, second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Ritchie kinetic models) showed that it is in better agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Based on the results, this nanocomposite adsorbent can have a significant potential to remove dyes.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_728678_dfe42f2da89eae0aae09705729848e15.pdf

Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 08 23 Application of Thermodynamic Modeling to Determine the Solubility of Triethylene Glycol in Supercritical Natural Gas Conditions Using the CPA Equation of State Application of Thermodynamic Modeling to Determine the Solubility of Triethylene Glycol in Supercritical Natural Gas Conditions Using the CPA Equation of State 65 81 724407 FA Erfan Ahmadi Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR. IRAN Hassan Pahlavanzadeh Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR. IRAN Ali Eslamimanesh Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR. IRAN Amir H. Mohammadi Thermodynamics Research Unit, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 0000-0002-2947-1135 Journal Article 2025 01 04 In this study, a thermodynamic model has been developed using thermodynamically consistent data and newly presented data to predict the solubility of glycols in natural gas, utilizing the CPA equation of state. For TEG, the 4C association scheme has been selected within the CPA framework, utilizing two different sets of parameters (set1 and set2). In these modelings, methane (CH4) has been considered an inert component, and carbon dioxide (CO2) has also been treated as an inert component to simplify the model and avoid excessive complexity. The model yields an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 22%, 17%, 78.3% and 43.1% relative to the experimental data for the systems (CH4-TEGset1), (CH4-TEGset2), (CO2-TEGset1) and (CO2-TEGset2) respectively, for the optimization of the binary interaction parameter of the systems. In the optimizations, the binary interaction parameter equation from HYSYS software, which is temperature-dependent, has been used. Based on the improved results for TEG solubility in CH4 and CO2 using the set2 parameters, compared to the thermodynamically consistent data, this model with optimized binary interaction parameters can be used for more accurate simulation, optimization, and assessment of glycol loss in natural gas dehydration units. In this study, a thermodynamic model has been developed using thermodynamically consistent data and newly presented data to predict the solubility of glycols in natural gas, utilizing the CPA equation of state. For TEG, the 4C association scheme has been selected within the CPA framework, utilizing two different sets of parameters (set1 and set2). In these modelings, methane (CH4) has been considered an inert component, and carbon dioxide (CO2) has also been treated as an inert component to simplify the model and avoid excessive complexity. The model yields an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 22%, 17%, 78.3% and 43.1% relative to the experimental data for the systems (CH4-TEGset1), (CH4-TEGset2), (CO2-TEGset1) and (CO2-TEGset2) respectively, for the optimization of the binary interaction parameter of the systems. In the optimizations, the binary interaction parameter equation from HYSYS software, which is temperature-dependent, has been used. Based on the improved results for TEG solubility in CH4 and CO2 using the set2 parameters, compared to the thermodynamically consistent data, this model with optimized binary interaction parameters can be used for more accurate simulation, optimization, and assessment of glycol loss in natural gas dehydration units.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_724407_f5a85beec0e98b60ccf76e3ea95b62ee.pdf

Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 05 02 Analysis of the Vacuum Cooling Process for Edible Mushrooms: Studying the Effect of Various Factors on Mass Transfer Analysis of the Vacuum Cooling Process for Edible Mushrooms: Studying the Effect of Various Factors on Mass Transfer 83 89 723346 FA Tahoora Aminpoor Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR. IRAN Abbas Rashidi Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR. IRAN Journal Article 2024 11 10 In this study, the cooling of edible mushrooms using the vacuum cooling process was investigated. The system used consisted of a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump, and pressure and temperature gauges. The experiments were conducted with three factors: pumping rate (in the range of 3 to 15 cubic meters per hour), size, and humidity, and the test system was equipped with chamber pressure and product temperature monitoring. Using the results of the experiments and the relationships governing the mass transfer phenomenon, the mass transfer coefficient was also calculated. The results showed that by reducing the chamber pressure, the temperature of the product decreases, and by increasing the pumping rate, the cooling rate increases. It was also observed that the moisture content and size of the product are important factors for the cooling time, and the higher the moisture content and the larger the product size, the longer the time required for cooling. Also, using the experimental results, calculations were made to determine the mass transfer coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient was obtained in the range of 0.02 to 0.06 mg/mmHg.s. The mass transfer coefficient showed a direct relationship with the product temperature, such that as the product temperature decreases, the mass transfer coefficient also decreases and vice versa. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was also calculated and was obtained in the range of 8.6x10-4 to 12.7x10-4 kg/m3.mmHg.s. The results showed that the mass transfer rate and its coefficient change gradually during the cooling process, and since mass transfer occurs from the entire volume of the material, this type of change can be interpreted as a result of homogeneous mass transfer from the entire volume; On the other hand, the temperature reduction is dependent on this mass transfer, and therefore it can be concluded that temperature changes occur at different points in the volume of the material and excessive cooling at the surface of the product, which is a disadvantage of some cooling methods, does not occur. In this study, the cooling of edible mushrooms using the vacuum cooling process was investigated. The system used consisted of a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump, and pressure and temperature gauges. The experiments were conducted with three factors: pumping rate (in the range of 3 to 15 cubic meters per hour), size, and humidity, and the test system was equipped with chamber pressure and product temperature monitoring. Using the results of the experiments and the relationships governing the mass transfer phenomenon, the mass transfer coefficient was also calculated. The results showed that by reducing the chamber pressure, the temperature of the product decreases, and by increasing the pumping rate, the cooling rate increases. It was also observed that the moisture content and size of the product are important factors for the cooling time, and the higher the moisture content and the larger the product size, the longer the time required for cooling. Also, using the experimental results, calculations were made to determine the mass transfer coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient was obtained in the range of 0.02 to 0.06 mg/mmHg.s. The mass transfer coefficient showed a direct relationship with the product temperature, such that as the product temperature decreases, the mass transfer coefficient also decreases and vice versa. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was also calculated and was obtained in the range of 8.6x10-4 to 12.7x10-4 kg/m3.mmHg.s. The results showed that the mass transfer rate and its coefficient change gradually during the cooling process, and since mass transfer occurs from the entire volume of the material, this type of change can be interpreted as a result of homogeneous mass transfer from the entire volume; On the other hand, the temperature reduction is dependent on this mass transfer, and therefore it can be concluded that temperature changes occur at different points in the volume of the material and excessive cooling at the surface of the product, which is a disadvantage of some cooling methods, does not occur.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_723346_9ab62fd4106263e094eab52c140175a2.pdf

Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran 1022-7768 44 2 2025 08 23 Application of Bacteriophages in Control of Corrosive Bacteria and Their Biofilms in Water Systems Application of Bacteriophages in Control of Corrosive Bacteria and Their Biofilms in Water Systems 91 111 725200 FA Rouha Kasra Kermanshahi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR. IRAN 0000-0002-1395-8002 Nayyereh Alimadadi Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR. IRAN 0000-0002-3002-8966 Ebrahim Heshmat Dehkordi Iranian Corrosion Association, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 12 Microbially influenced corrosion is the result of complex interactions between different species of microorganisms, especially in the form of biofilms, which occur in aquatic environments, including engineered systems such as drinking water and wastewater systems. The stability of biofilms against biocides and other conventional methods is considered a major challenge in the effective management of biocorrosion. Therefore, the present study investigates the application of bacteriophages as a novel and specific biological method to combat corrosive bacteria and remove their biofilms, and its challenges, solutions, and future prospects. The findings show that phages are capable of destroying the biofilm structure through selective lysis of bacterial cells, production of enzymes such as depolymerase and endolysin, and interference with quorum sensing systems. Features such as biocompatibility, in situ self-replication, genetic engineering capability, and adaptability to physical and chemical methods have provided a special position for phages in corrosion control. Strategies such as the use of polyvalent phages, genetically modified phages, phage cocktails, coated or immobilized phages, as well as combined treatment with chemical and physical methods and nanoparticles, have been proposed as approaches to enhance effectiveness. The results of this study indicate that the use of bacteriophages, especially in the form of combined and targeted treatments, can play a role as an alternative or complement to traditional methods in managing biocorrosion and maintaining the stability of natural and industrial aquatic systems. Establishing industrial production infrastructure, standardizing application methods, and developing regulatory frameworks for assessing biosafety and environmental impacts are among the critical needs for moving from the research stage to industrial exploitation. Although much research needs to be completed before the commercialization and widespread application of phage technology, the future of these methods looks very promising. Microbially influenced corrosion is the result of complex interactions between different species of microorganisms, especially in the form of biofilms, which occur in aquatic environments, including engineered systems such as drinking water and wastewater systems. The stability of biofilms against biocides and other conventional methods is considered a major challenge in the effective management of biocorrosion. Therefore, the present study investigates the application of bacteriophages as a novel and specific biological method to combat corrosive bacteria and remove their biofilms, and its challenges, solutions, and future prospects. The findings show that phages are capable of destroying the biofilm structure through selective lysis of bacterial cells, production of enzymes such as depolymerase and endolysin, and interference with quorum sensing systems. Features such as biocompatibility, in situ self-replication, genetic engineering capability, and adaptability to physical and chemical methods have provided a special position for phages in corrosion control. Strategies such as the use of polyvalent phages, genetically modified phages, phage cocktails, coated or immobilized phages, as well as combined treatment with chemical and physical methods and nanoparticles, have been proposed as approaches to enhance effectiveness. The results of this study indicate that the use of bacteriophages, especially in the form of combined and targeted treatments, can play a role as an alternative or complement to traditional methods in managing biocorrosion and maintaining the stability of natural and industrial aquatic systems. Establishing industrial production infrastructure, standardizing application methods, and developing regulatory frameworks for assessing biosafety and environmental impacts are among the critical needs for moving from the research stage to industrial exploitation. Although much research needs to be completed before the commercialization and widespread application of phage technology, the future of these methods looks very promising.

https://www.nsmsi.ir/article_725200_ece3d40a4db0ad75ebf14de70f155360.pdf