Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Biological Removal of H2S in BAS - ReactorBiological Removal of H2S in BAS - Reactor197503FAGol Mohammad Mojarrad MoghanlooEnvironmental Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,
Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1995 Tabriz, I.R. IRANEsmeil FatehifarEnvironmental Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,
Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1995 Tabriz, I.R. IRANSaeid SaedyEnvironmental Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,
Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1995 Tabriz, I.R. IRANJournal Article20080720<em>In this research, biological removal of H<sub>2</sub>S by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-1 in BAS-reactor was studied. This is unique in that dissolved sulfide was present in the liquid influent feed as a substrate in to a continuous biofilm airlift reactor. The reactor was operated at a constant temperature of 30<sup>o</sup>C and at pH values of 7. Startup of the reactor was performed with basalt carrier material. The maximum sulfide oxidation rate achieved in mineral medium was about 6.7 mol S<sup>2-</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>.h at a hydraulic residence time of 3.3 h. Steady state conditions were not achieved at the highest loading rate, resulting in accumulation of S<sup>2-</sup> in the bioreactor. Optimal treatment performance was obtained at a loading rate of 4.8 mol/m<sup>3</sup>.h at conversion efficiency as high as 100%.</em><em>In this research, biological removal of H<sub>2</sub>S by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-1 in BAS-reactor was studied. This is unique in that dissolved sulfide was present in the liquid influent feed as a substrate in to a continuous biofilm airlift reactor. The reactor was operated at a constant temperature of 30<sup>o</sup>C and at pH values of 7. Startup of the reactor was performed with basalt carrier material. The maximum sulfide oxidation rate achieved in mineral medium was about 6.7 mol S<sup>2-</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>.h at a hydraulic residence time of 3.3 h. Steady state conditions were not achieved at the highest loading rate, resulting in accumulation of S<sup>2-</sup> in the bioreactor. Optimal treatment performance was obtained at a loading rate of 4.8 mol/m<sup>3</sup>.h at conversion efficiency as high as 100%.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Equilibrium and Kinetics of Biosorption of Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by B82 Xanthan BeadsEquilibrium and Kinetics of Biosorption of Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by B82 Xanthan Beads11247515FAFarideh GolbabaeiDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. IRANAsghar GhahriDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. IRANMohammad Reza SeodiDepartment of Industrial Microbiology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, I.R. IRANAbbas Rahimi ForoshanyDepartment of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, I.R. IRANAram TirgarDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. IRANJournal Article20100715<em>Contamination of the aqueous environment by heavy metals is a worldwide environmental problem. Biosorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by xanthan gum biomass was studied in a batch system. The heavy metals uptake was found to be rapid and reached to 88-96% of equilibrium capacity of biosorption in 15min. The pseudo second-order and saturation rate equations were found in the best fitness with the kinetic data (R2 > 0.99). The data obtained from experiments of single-component biosorption isotherm were analyzed using the Freundlich, Langmuir, Freundlich-Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The Redlich-Peterson equation described the biosorption isotherm of chromium(VI) with high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99) and better than the other equations. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum uptake capacities (qm) of xanthan gum. for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were obtained as 1.70 and 1.02mmol/g, respectively. Although the xanthan gum used in this study can be classified as an efficient biosorbent</em><em>Contamination of the aqueous environment by heavy metals is a worldwide environmental problem. Biosorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by xanthan gum biomass was studied in a batch system. The heavy metals uptake was found to be rapid and reached to 88-96% of equilibrium capacity of biosorption in 15min. The pseudo second-order and saturation rate equations were found in the best fitness with the kinetic data (R2 > 0.99). The data obtained from experiments of single-component biosorption isotherm were analyzed using the Freundlich, Langmuir, Freundlich-Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The Redlich-Peterson equation described the biosorption isotherm of chromium(VI) with high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99) and better than the other equations. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum uptake capacities (qm) of xanthan gum. for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were obtained as 1.70 and 1.02mmol/g, respectively. Although the xanthan gum used in this study can be classified as an efficient biosorbent</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Kinetics of Transesterification of Waste Cooking OilKinetics of Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil25337516FABahman NajafiDepartment of Mechanic Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardebil, I.R. IRANJournal Article20100717<em>In this paper, transesterification of </em><em>Waste </em><em>Cooking </em><em>Oil (WCO) </em><em>with ethanol was investigated. Three stepwise and reversible reactions are believed to occur (conversion of triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides). The effect of variations in mixing intensity (300 and 600rpm) and temperature (50, 60 and 70°C) on the rate of reaction were studied while the molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerol (6:1) and the concentration of catalyst (0.20 wt% based on </em><em>WCO</em><em>)</em><em> were held constant. appeared up to 30 min of reaction time. The variations in mixing intensity appear to effect the reaction parallel to the variations in temperature. The experimental data appear to be a good fit into a first order kinetic mechanism. The reaction rate constants and the activation energies were determined for all the forward and reverse reactions.</em><em>In this paper, transesterification of </em><em>Waste </em><em>Cooking </em><em>Oil (WCO) </em><em>with ethanol was investigated. Three stepwise and reversible reactions are believed to occur (conversion of triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides). The effect of variations in mixing intensity (300 and 600rpm) and temperature (50, 60 and 70°C) on the rate of reaction were studied while the molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerol (6:1) and the concentration of catalyst (0.20 wt% based on </em><em>WCO</em><em>)</em><em> were held constant. appeared up to 30 min of reaction time. The variations in mixing intensity appear to effect the reaction parallel to the variations in temperature. The experimental data appear to be a good fit into a first order kinetic mechanism. The reaction rate constants and the activation energies were determined for all the forward and reverse reactions.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Production of Nanogold Particles by Biomass (Wheat) and Investigation on Effective ParametersProduction of Nanogold Particles by Biomass (Wheat) and Investigation on Effective Parameters35417517FAMahdi ZakeriDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-875 Arak, I.R. IRANJavad FassihiAtomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran, I.R. IRANJournal Article20080720<em>In this paper, we have researched about production of nano gold particles by wheat. In this work influence of parameters such as temperature, pH value, time of reaction and concentration of chloride ions on production of nano gold particles has been studied. </em><em> </em><em>The results showed that the highest adsorption (in spectrophotometer analysis) were at pH=2, time of reaction=5h, reaction temperature =45°C and concentration of chloride ions =5×10<sup>-3</sup>M. The results showed that reaction temperature has influence on figure and size of nano gold particles. Also in above optimum conditions, nano gold particles with range of size 5-50 nanometer have been produced.</em><em>In this paper, we have researched about production of nano gold particles by wheat. In this work influence of parameters such as temperature, pH value, time of reaction and concentration of chloride ions on production of nano gold particles has been studied. </em><em> </em><em>The results showed that the highest adsorption (in spectrophotometer analysis) were at pH=2, time of reaction=5h, reaction temperature =45°C and concentration of chloride ions =5×10<sup>-3</sup>M. The results showed that reaction temperature has influence on figure and size of nano gold particles. Also in above optimum conditions, nano gold particles with range of size 5-50 nanometer have been produced.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Study of the Gas Separation Properties of ABS/PVAc Novel Blend MembraneStudy of the Gas Separation Properties of ABS/PVAc Novel Blend Membrane43517518FAHamid Reza SanaeepurDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-875 Arak, I.R. IRANAbtin Ebadi AmooghinDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-875 Arak, I.R. IRANAbdolreza MoghadassiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-875 Arak, I.R. IRANAli Kargari,Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus,
P.O. Box 415 Mahshahr, I.R. IRANDavood GhanbariIslamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, I.R. IRANZahra Sheikhi MehrabadiDepartment of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. IRANMojtaba GaemiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156-875 Arak, I.R. IRANJournal Article20090829<em>CO<sub>2</sub> separation has been more considered for its emission control in off-gas and flue gases, </em><em>upgrading of natural gas, landfill gas recovery and enhanced oil recovery. In this field, here, novel membranes from the blending </em><em>Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene </em><em>(ABS) with Poly(Vinyl Acetate) (PVAc) were prepared. Then, the effect of various PVAc contents incorporated into polymer matrix on the permeation of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> were investigated. The results showed that the highest CO<sub>2</sub> permeability arises in 10% PVAc content. The highest CO<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity in 20% PVAc content is 29 and for CO<sub>2</sub></em><em>/N<sub>2</sub> in 30% PVAc content is 40.41. A combination of the effects of PVAc polar acetate groups, compression of membrane structure in the present of high molecular weight PVAc, acrylonitrile and flexible butadiene blocks in ABS have caused these occurrences. Furthermore, investigation of the pressure effect on permeability in the range of 2-8 bars has shown no considerable effect on the permeability data with pressure changes. Generally, the prepared membranes can be taken into account as a better membrane for CO<sub>2</sub> /N<sub>2</sub> separation than CO<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub>.</em><em>CO<sub>2</sub> separation has been more considered for its emission control in off-gas and flue gases, </em><em>upgrading of natural gas, landfill gas recovery and enhanced oil recovery. In this field, here, novel membranes from the blending </em><em>Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene </em><em>(ABS) with Poly(Vinyl Acetate) (PVAc) were prepared. Then, the effect of various PVAc contents incorporated into polymer matrix on the permeation of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> were investigated. The results showed that the highest CO<sub>2</sub> permeability arises in 10% PVAc content. The highest CO<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity in 20% PVAc content is 29 and for CO<sub>2</sub></em><em>/N<sub>2</sub> in 30% PVAc content is 40.41. A combination of the effects of PVAc polar acetate groups, compression of membrane structure in the present of high molecular weight PVAc, acrylonitrile and flexible butadiene blocks in ABS have caused these occurrences. Furthermore, investigation of the pressure effect on permeability in the range of 2-8 bars has shown no considerable effect on the permeability data with pressure changes. Generally, the prepared membranes can be taken into account as a better membrane for CO<sub>2</sub> /N<sub>2</sub> separation than CO<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub>.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Influence of Injection Angle in a Jet MixerInfluence of Injection Angle in a Jet Mixer53607519FAAli Sadeghzadeh NamavarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996 Tabriz, I.R. IRANJafarsadegh MoghaddasDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996 Tabriz, I.R. IRANJournal Article20080720<em>Nowadays, most of the mixers are going to be replaced by jet mixers due to the some benefits. So investigation of the effective parameters is important in these mixers. In this article, the effect of nozzle diameter on different flow rates and effect of angle of jet injection were studied experimentally. The results showed that for a cylindrical tank with the shape factor of h/D=1 and injection from center of its roof in a constant flow rate as the nozzle diameter was increased, the mixing time was increased but the rate of increasing was decreased as flow rate was increased. Moreover the results showed that mixing time was also depended on angle of injection. Injection whit 20 and 30 degree from center of roof had the longest jet length. But injection angle 10 and 45 degree had the least mixing times. Some disagreement with the results of mixing time due to the jet length was observed when compared with those reported in the literature.</em> <em>Nowadays, most of the mixers are going to be replaced by jet mixers due to the some benefits. So investigation of the effective parameters is important in these mixers. In this article, the effect of nozzle diameter on different flow rates and effect of angle of jet injection were studied experimentally. The results showed that for a cylindrical tank with the shape factor of h/D=1 and injection from center of its roof in a constant flow rate as the nozzle diameter was increased, the mixing time was increased but the rate of increasing was decreased as flow rate was increased. Moreover the results showed that mixing time was also depended on angle of injection. Injection whit 20 and 30 degree from center of roof had the longest jet length. But injection angle 10 and 45 degree had the least mixing times. Some disagreement with the results of mixing time due to the jet length was observed when compared with those reported in the literature.</em> Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Mechanical Properties of PP/Clay Nanocomposiets Prepared by Melt BlendingMechanical Properties of PP/Clay Nanocomposiets Prepared by Melt Blending61677520FAShahryar Jafari NejadSchool of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRANHossein AbolghasemiSchool of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRANSeyed Javad AhmadiSchool of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRANSohrabali GhorbanianSchool of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. IRANJournal Article20090114<em>Mechanical properties are important parameters in preparation of nanocomposites. Analyzing the trends on mechanical properties gives information about the effect of compatibilizing agent , nanoclays , and processing method. MA and GMA have higher compatibilizing effect than AA because of their different polarity promoting a better mechanical performance specially in Young<sup>,</sup>s modulus and impact strength and tensile strength and produce a less drastic reduction of the deformation properties. addition of clay to pp improves the tensile modulus and tensile strength, but reduces the elongation at break, regardless of the coupling agent used. In pp/clay, nanocomposites prepared with cloisite 15A and PP-g-MA, tensile strength is decreased , while Young<sup>,</sup>s modulus is increased.The solvent resistant of these nanocomposites decreased, when clay loading increased. In pp/clay nanocomposites prepared with oligomerically modifiedclay, this clay has plasticising effect on the polymers that the tensile strength is slightly decreased compared with the virgin polymers, while Young<sup>,</sup>s modulus is slightly increased.It is worth nothing that the elongation at break for most nanocomposites does not drop as severely as usually seen with the typical organically modified clay.</em><em>Mechanical properties are important parameters in preparation of nanocomposites. Analyzing the trends on mechanical properties gives information about the effect of compatibilizing agent , nanoclays , and processing method. MA and GMA have higher compatibilizing effect than AA because of their different polarity promoting a better mechanical performance specially in Young<sup>,</sup>s modulus and impact strength and tensile strength and produce a less drastic reduction of the deformation properties. addition of clay to pp improves the tensile modulus and tensile strength, but reduces the elongation at break, regardless of the coupling agent used. In pp/clay, nanocomposites prepared with cloisite 15A and PP-g-MA, tensile strength is decreased , while Young<sup>,</sup>s modulus is increased.The solvent resistant of these nanocomposites decreased, when clay loading increased. In pp/clay nanocomposites prepared with oligomerically modifiedclay, this clay has plasticising effect on the polymers that the tensile strength is slightly decreased compared with the virgin polymers, while Young<sup>,</sup>s modulus is slightly increased.It is worth nothing that the elongation at break for most nanocomposites does not drop as severely as usually seen with the typical organically modified clay.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723The Effect of TiO2 on Corrosion Resistance of Porcelain Enamels in Sour Water: A Feasibility Study for Application
in Oil Pipes and ContainerThe Effect of TiO2 on Corrosion Resistance of Porcelain Enamels in Sour Water: A Feasibility Study for Application
in Oil Pipes and Container69777521FAMana NorouzpourFaculty of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,I.R. IRANSaeid BaghshahiMaterials Engineering Department, Imam Khomeiny International University, Qazvin, I.R. IRANMorteza TamizifarFaculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University Iran Science and Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRANAbolghasem DolatiFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRANJournal Article20080928<em>Porcelain enamels are widely used as coating on metals and alloys, because of their excellent corrosion resistance against different aggressive media with different pHs at high temperatures up to 600<sup>o</sup>C. In this regard, the chemical composition of the enamels is very important and TiO<sub>2 </sub>is introduced as additive to promote the corrosion resistance of the enamels. Therefore, corrosion resistance of TiO<sub>2</sub> containing and TiO<sub>2</sub> free enamels has been examined by applying standard test method ISO 2742. This test has been done in simulated sour water that is one of the most corrosive solutions which is produced during oil refining in refineries. The test has been performed three times on samples for 2.5h. Then, the attacked surfaces were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and then elemental distribution of surface was investigated by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, by applying Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist spectra of the samples were obtained and compared. The results showed that adding 3.20%wt TiO<sub>2</sub> considerably enhanced the chemical and corrosion resistance of the enamel.</em><em>Porcelain enamels are widely used as coating on metals and alloys, because of their excellent corrosion resistance against different aggressive media with different pHs at high temperatures up to 600<sup>o</sup>C. In this regard, the chemical composition of the enamels is very important and TiO<sub>2 </sub>is introduced as additive to promote the corrosion resistance of the enamels. Therefore, corrosion resistance of TiO<sub>2</sub> containing and TiO<sub>2</sub> free enamels has been examined by applying standard test method ISO 2742. This test has been done in simulated sour water that is one of the most corrosive solutions which is produced during oil refining in refineries. The test has been performed three times on samples for 2.5h. Then, the attacked surfaces were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and then elemental distribution of surface was investigated by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, by applying Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Nyquist spectra of the samples were obtained and compared. The results showed that adding 3.20%wt TiO<sub>2</sub> considerably enhanced the chemical and corrosion resistance of the enamel.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Application of Headspace Liquid Phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Trace Amounts of Isoamyl AcetateApplication of Headspace Liquid Phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Trace Amounts of Isoamyl Acetate79877522FAMassoud KaykhaiiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRANSamaneh Mirmohammadi SadrabadiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, I.R. IRANJournal Article20100111<em>The performance of Head-Space Liquid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-LPME), coupled with capillary gas chromatography, was assessed for the extraction and determination of ultra trace amounts of isoamyl acetate in some real samples. A 2.5 µL of benzyl alcohol was used as extracting solvent and experimental parameters impacting the performance of extraction were optimized as 1250 rpm stirring rate and 15 min extraction time at 30 <sup>o</sup>C with 0.34 g.mL<sup>−1</sup> NaCl for increasing the of ionic strength of sample solution. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection calculated to be 0.50 µg/L. The linear range of calibration curve for isoamyl acetate was found 5-1300 µg/L with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.999. Tap water and liquid soap samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method. The relative standard deviation of water samples spiked with isoamyl acetate at 0, 200 and 400 µg/L levels was from 2.79 to 2.39%; whereas for liquid soap it was 2.74% and 2.48% for standard addition and calibration curve methods respectively. Recovery for water samples were between 101.8-103.2%; and for liquid soap sample, 103.2% and 101.8% was obtained when standard addition and normal calibration curve were employed correspondingly.</em><em>The performance of Head-Space Liquid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-LPME), coupled with capillary gas chromatography, was assessed for the extraction and determination of ultra trace amounts of isoamyl acetate in some real samples. A 2.5 µL of benzyl alcohol was used as extracting solvent and experimental parameters impacting the performance of extraction were optimized as 1250 rpm stirring rate and 15 min extraction time at 30 <sup>o</sup>C with 0.34 g.mL<sup>−1</sup> NaCl for increasing the of ionic strength of sample solution. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection calculated to be 0.50 µg/L. The linear range of calibration curve for isoamyl acetate was found 5-1300 µg/L with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.999. Tap water and liquid soap samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method. The relative standard deviation of water samples spiked with isoamyl acetate at 0, 200 and 400 µg/L levels was from 2.79 to 2.39%; whereas for liquid soap it was 2.74% and 2.48% for standard addition and calibration curve methods respectively. Recovery for water samples were between 101.8-103.2%; and for liquid soap sample, 103.2% and 101.8% was obtained when standard addition and normal calibration curve were employed correspondingly.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Application of Headspace Liquid Phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Trace Amounts of Isoamyl AcetateApplication of Headspace Liquid Phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Trace Amounts of Isoamyl Acetate89947523FAMehran AghaieFaculty of chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 19585-936 Tehran, I.R. IRANBabak IKhezriDepartment of Chemistry, Science & Research Campus, Islamic Azad University,
P.O. Box 14515-775 Tehran, I.R. IRANKarim ZareDepartment of Chemistry, Science & Research Campus, Islamic Azad University,
P.O. Box 14515-775 Tehran, I.R. IRANHossein AghaieDepartment of Chemistry, Science & Research Campus, Islamic Azad University,
P.O. Box 14515-775 Tehran, I.R. IRANJournal Article20080705<em>The performance of Head-Space Liquid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-LPME), coupled with capillary gas chromatography, was assessed for the extraction and determination of ultra trace amounts of isoamyl acetate in some real samples. A 2.5 µL of benzyl alcohol was used as extracting solvent and experimental parameters impacting the performance of extraction were optimized as 1250 rpm stirring rate and 15 min extraction time at 30 <sup>o</sup>C with 0.34 g.mL<sup>−1</sup> NaCl for increasing the of ionic strength of sample solution. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection calculated to be 0.50 µg/L. The linear range of calibration curve for isoamyl acetate was found 5-1300 µg/L with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.999. Tap water and liquid soap samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method. The relative standard deviation of water samples spiked with isoamyl acetate at 0, 200 and 400 µg/L levels was from 2.79 to 2.39%; whereas for liquid soap it was 2.74% and 2.48% for standard addition and calibration curve methods respectively. Recovery for water samples were between 101.8-103.2%; and for liquid soap sample, 103.2% and 101.8% was obtained when standard addition and normal calibration curve were employed correspondingly.</em><em>The performance of Head-Space Liquid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-LPME), coupled with capillary gas chromatography, was assessed for the extraction and determination of ultra trace amounts of isoamyl acetate in some real samples. A 2.5 µL of benzyl alcohol was used as extracting solvent and experimental parameters impacting the performance of extraction were optimized as 1250 rpm stirring rate and 15 min extraction time at 30 <sup>o</sup>C with 0.34 g.mL<sup>−1</sup> NaCl for increasing the of ionic strength of sample solution. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection calculated to be 0.50 µg/L. The linear range of calibration curve for isoamyl acetate was found 5-1300 µg/L with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.999. Tap water and liquid soap samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method. The relative standard deviation of water samples spiked with isoamyl acetate at 0, 200 and 400 µg/L levels was from 2.79 to 2.39%; whereas for liquid soap it was 2.74% and 2.48% for standard addition and calibration curve methods respectively. Recovery for water samples were between 101.8-103.2%; and for liquid soap sample, 103.2% and 101.8% was obtained when standard addition and normal calibration curve were employed correspondingly.</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Investigation on the Influences of Reaction Parameters and Determination of Optimum Condition for the Synthesis of Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propanesulfonate Using Experimental Design ApproachInvestigation on the Influences of Reaction Parameters and Determination of Optimum Condition for the Synthesis of Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propanesulfonate Using Experimental Design Approach951077524FAAmir Hossein NavarchianDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Isfahan University,
P.O. Box 81746-73441 Isfahan, I.R. IRANDanyal DadkhahDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Isfahan University,
P.O. Box 81746-73441 Isfahan, I.R. IRANJournal Article20080818<em>In this paper the synthesis of Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl PropaneSulfonate (SAMPS)</em><em> is studied and the influences of reaction parameters on the conversion are investigated using Taguchi experimental design approach. The results showed that among seven parameters including reaction temperature and time, aeration level and mixing rate in the reaction mixture, the addition sequence of initial materials, and finally the purity and the excess amount of sodium carbonate; just the last two factors as well as the reaction temperature have significant effects, respectively on the reaction extent, while the other factors are insignificant. The optimum conditions to attain the highest conversion are the higher purity and 25% excess amount of sodium carbonate, and 16°C for reaction temperature. The SAMPS product is also characterized by Furrier transform infrared (FT-IR), and hydrogen as well as carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR and C-NMR). The morphology and the average particle size of the SAMPS product were also obtained as 20.09 </em><em>m</em><em>m (in the range of 1-60</em><em> m</em><em>m)</em><em> using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).</em><em>In this paper the synthesis of Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl PropaneSulfonate (SAMPS)</em><em> is studied and the influences of reaction parameters on the conversion are investigated using Taguchi experimental design approach. The results showed that among seven parameters including reaction temperature and time, aeration level and mixing rate in the reaction mixture, the addition sequence of initial materials, and finally the purity and the excess amount of sodium carbonate; just the last two factors as well as the reaction temperature have significant effects, respectively on the reaction extent, while the other factors are insignificant. The optimum conditions to attain the highest conversion are the higher purity and 25% excess amount of sodium carbonate, and 16°C for reaction temperature. The SAMPS product is also characterized by Furrier transform infrared (FT-IR), and hydrogen as well as carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR and C-NMR). The morphology and the average particle size of the SAMPS product were also obtained as 20.09 </em><em>m</em><em>m (in the range of 1-60</em><em> m</em><em>m)</em><em> using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).</em>Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRNashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran1022-776830220110723Investigation on Composition, Cooling Conditions and Melting Crucible in the System of CaO-P2O5-TiO2 Glass CeramicInvestigation on Composition, Cooling Conditions and Melting Crucible in the System of CaO-P2O5-TiO2 Glass Ceramic1091167525FAFarshad SoleimaniDepartment of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, I.R. IRANMohammad RezvaniDepartment of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, I.R. IRANJournal Article20100728<em>In this research, according to phosphate glass uses in the CaO-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-TiO<sub>2 </sub>system, several compositions were prepared. Effect of melting crucible, melting time and cooling condition were investigated. FT-IR and XRD were utilized for structural analyzing. Glass transition and crystallization temperature were determined according to DTA trace of optimized glass. Microsructure and phase separation of glass were investigated by SEM. Alumina crucible was good for melting. Melting temperature and time were reported 1350 °C and 1 h, respectively. The best ratio of </em><em>Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> / CaTi<sub>4</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6 </sub>was between 2-2.16 for optimized glass. Cooling in “the mold with high cooling rate” was suitable. </em><em>Glass transition and crystallization temperature were determined 680 °C and 833 °C, respectively.</em><em>In this research, according to phosphate glass uses in the CaO-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-TiO<sub>2 </sub>system, several compositions were prepared. Effect of melting crucible, melting time and cooling condition were investigated. FT-IR and XRD were utilized for structural analyzing. Glass transition and crystallization temperature were determined according to DTA trace of optimized glass. Microsructure and phase separation of glass were investigated by SEM. Alumina crucible was good for melting. Melting temperature and time were reported 1350 °C and 1 h, respectively. The best ratio of </em><em>Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub> / CaTi<sub>4</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6 </sub>was between 2-2.16 for optimized glass. Cooling in “the mold with high cooling rate” was suitable. </em><em>Glass transition and crystallization temperature were determined 680 °C and 833 °C, respectively.</em>