نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران

نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران

مروری بر استفاده از گل قرمز (باطله تولید آلومینیوم از بوکسیت) به عنوان جاذب آلاینده‌های آبی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان
شیما رحیمی
مهدی ایران نژاد
گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
چکیده
گل قرمز به عنوان باطله فرآیند بایر (تولید آلومینیوم از بوکسیت) با خاصیت pH بالا (13-10) و حلالیت برای فلزات سنگین، اثرات زیست محیطی مخرب فراوانی را به همراه دارد. از طرفی به علت خواص فیزیکی- شیمیایی خاص خود از جمله وجود انواع اکسیدهای فلزی، سطح ویژه بالا و وجود سایت­ های فعال سطحی، همواره دارای کاربردهای متعدد از جمله جاذب انواع آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی مطرح بوده است. عواملی همچون طول زمان ذخیره سازی و نوع فرآیند تولید بر نوع ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده، قابلیت تبادل یونی و میزان فعالیت گل قرمز مؤثر هستند. با افزایش زمان ذخیره سازی، تعداد و میزان فعالیت فازهای تبادل یونی در سطح گل قرمز و خواص جذب آن کاهش می‌یابند. در مقایسه با سایر جاذب­ های طبیعی همچون پوسته نارگیل، خاکسترهای بادی و آتشفشانی و ضایعات پوستی جانداران، گل قرمز ظرفیت جذب بالاتری از خود نشان داده و در مقایسه با جاذب­ های سنتزی، هزینه بسیار کمتری برای استفاده دارد. اگرچه سطح ویژه گل قرمز (m2/g 22-35) در مقایسه با جاذب­ های پرهزینه‌ای مانند کربن فعال (m2/g 1000-1100)  کمتر است اما در مقایسه با جاذب­ های طبیعی و ارزان (m2/g1-10) دارای سطح ویژه قابل قبولی است. در میان آلاینده‌های آنیونی و فلزی، گل قرمز به ترتیب در مورد فسفات و کادمیم با ظرفیت جذب 192 و 50 میلی گرم بر گرم موفق‌تر از سایر آلاینده‌ها بوده است. بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر جذب سطحی نشان می‌دهند دما، زمان و  pH از جمله مهم­ترین عوامل مؤثر بر جذب انواع آلاینده‌ها توسط گل قرمز بوده‌اند. انواع روش های حرارتی، اسید شوئی، شستشو با آب دریا و استفاده از مواد افزودنی، برای بهبود خواص جذب، اصلاح سطح و کاهش pH  گل قرمز مورد استفاده قرار گرفته‌اند که ترکیب روش­ های اسیدشوئی- حرارتی، اسیدشوئی- رسوب­ دهی با آمونیاک و اسیدشوئی- سطح ساز کاتیونی جزو مؤثرترین این روش ­ها بوده‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
گل قرمز
جذب سطحی
آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی
عوامل مؤثر بر جذب
روش‌های اصلاح

موضوعات

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