Photocatalytic Removal of Cadmium with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, I.R. IRAN

2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

Simultaneous presence of heavy metal and organic compound (like phenol and cadmium), is one of the most important environment pollutant source that there are in petrochemical industrial, plating and etc, that have adverse effects on environment and human health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is, photocatalytic removal of cadmium with UV/ZnO process in presence and absence of phenol and formate as hole scavenger from aqoues solution in batch system. First, design and construction of reactor was done. To the study on role of adsorption process, solution was equilibrium in dark for 30 minute. Then effect of various parameters was investigated in the presence of UV light. So optimum pH was obtained with chang solution pH and constant conditions. After clarifing optimum pH, the effect of nanoparticle dosage, concentration of cadmium, contact time and effect of presence and absence of phenol and formate was investigated. Although removal of cadmium increased with increase of pH, but to preservation of cadmium in the solution form, in experiment pH was 7. Removal efficiency increased with increase of contact time and optimum dosage was obtained equal to 2 g/L. Too photocatalytic removal efficiency was decreased with increase of initial cadmium concentration. Also the obtained results showed that presence of phenol and formate cause increase of cadmium removal efficiency. Generally the result of this study showed that studied methodology can be used as a effective method in photocatalytic removal of cadmium with UV/ZnO process in presence of phenol and formate as hole scavenger.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Hachem C., Bocquillon F., Zahraa O., Bouchy M., Decolourization of Textile Industry Wastewater by the Photocatalytic Degradation Process, Dyes and Pigments, 49(2): 117-125 (2001).
[2] Gupta V.K., Jain C.K., Ali I., Sharma M., Saini V.K., Removal of Cadmium and Nickel from Wastewater Using Bagasse Fly Ash- a Sugar Industry Waste, Water Research, 37 (16): 4038-4044 (2003).
[3] Clares M.E., Guerrero M. G., García-González M., Cadmium Removal by Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047 Immobilized in Polyurethane Foam, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12 (5): 1793-1798 (2015).
[4] Taty-Costodes V. C., Fauduet H., Porte C., Delacroix A., Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Ions, from Aqueous Solutions, by Adsorption onto Sawdust of Pinus Sylvestris, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 105 (1-3): 121-142 (2003).
[5] Vaxevanidou K., Papassiopi N., Paspaliaris I., Removal of Heavy Metals and Arsenic from Contaminated Soils using Bioremediation and Chelant Extraction Techniques, Chemosphere, 70 (8): 1329-1337 (2008).
[6] Xie B., Zhang H., Cai P., Qiu R., Xiong Y., Simultaneous Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) and Oxidation of Phenol Over Monoclinic BiVO4 under Visible Light Irradiation, Chemosphere, 63 (6): 956-963 (2006).
[7] Rengaraj S., Moon S.-H., Sivabalan R., Arabindoo B., Murugesan V., Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution and Resin Manufacturing Industry Wastewater Using an Agricultural Waste: Rubber Seed Coat, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 89 (2-3): 185-196 (2002).
[8] Wei T.-Y., Wang Y.-Y., Wan C.-C., Photocatalytic Oxidation of Phenol in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide and Titanium Dioxide Powders, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 55 (1): 115-126 (1990).
[9] Yu B., Zhang Y., Shukla A., Shukla S. S., Dorris K. L., The Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions by Sawdust Adsorption- Removal of Lead and Comparison of Its Adsorption with Copper, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 84 (1): 83-94 (2001).
[10] Mishra T., Hait J., Aman N., Jana R. K., Chakravarty S., Effect of UV and Visible Light on Photocatalytic Reduction of Lead and Cadmium Over Titania Based Binary Oxide Materials, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 316 (1): 80-84 (2007).
[11] Prairie M. R., Evans L. R., Stange B. M., Martinez S. L., An Investigation of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis for the Treatment of Water Contaminated with Metals and Organic Chemicals, Environmental Science & Technology, 27 (9): 1776-1782 (1993).
[12] Modirshahla N., Behnajady M. A., Jangi Oskui M. R., Investigation of the Efficiency of ZnO Photocatalyst in the Removal of p-Nitrophenol from Contaminated Water, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 28 (1): 49-55 (2009).
[13] Khatamian M., Daneshvar N., Sabaee S., Heterogeneos Photocatalytic Decolorization of Brown NG by TiO2-UV Process, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 29 (3): 19-25 (2010).
[14] Junbo Z., Di M., Hong Z., An L., Jiao L. M., Shengtian H., Jianzhang L., Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methyl Orange Solution with Potassium Peroxydisulfate, Central European Journal of Chemistry, 6 (2): 245-252 (2008).
[15] Ohashi T., Sugimoto T., Sako K., Hayakawa S., Katagiri K., Inumaru K., Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Pt/WO3 Photocatalyst Combined with TiO2 Nanoparticles by Polyelectrolyte-Mediated Electrostatic Adsorption, Catalysis Science and Technology, 5 (2): 1163-1168 (2015).
[16] Nguyen V.N.H., Amal R., Beydoun D., Effect of Formate and Methanol on Photoreduction/Removal of Toxic Cadmium Ions Using TiO2 Semiconductor as Photocatalyst, Chemical Engineering Science, 58 (19): 4429-4439 (2003).
[17] American Public Health A., American Water Works, A. "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater: Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency", American Public Health Association (1981).
[18] Lee S. M., Lee T. V., Choi B. J., Yang J. K., Treatment of Cr(VI) and Phenol by Illuminated TiO2, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 28 (10): 2219-2228 (2003).
[19] Lee S.-M., Lee T.-W., Choi B.-J., Yang J.-K., Treatment of Cr(VI) and Phenol by Illuminated TiO2, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 38 (10): 2219-2228 (2003).
[20] Bedja I., Kamat P. V., Capped Semiconductor Colloids. Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Behavior of TiO2 Capped SnO2 Nanocrystallites, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 99 (22): 9182-9188 (1995).
[21] Chen T., Zhou Z., Han R., Meng R., Wang H., Lu W., Adsorption of Cadmium by Biochar Derived from Municipal Sewage Sludge: Impact Factors and Adsorption Mechanism, Chemosphere, 134 286-293 (2015).
[22] Chen D., K. Ray A., Removal of Toxic Metal ions from Wastewater by Semiconductor Photocatalysis, Chemical Engineering Science, 56 (4): 1561-1570 (2001).
[23] Shao D., Wang X., Fan Q., Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in Solution Containing ZnO or ZSM-5 Zeolite Using Oxalate as Model Organic Compound in Environment, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 117 (1-2): 243-248 (2009).
[24] Yang J.-K., Lee S.-M., Removal of Cr(VI) and Humic Acid by Using TiO2 Photocatalysis, Chemosphere, 63 (10): 1677-1684 (2006).
[25] Kashif N., Ouyang F., Parameters Effect on Heterogeneous Photocatalysed Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Dispersion of TiO2, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21 (4): 527-533 (2009).
[26] Suja P. D., Suguna Y., Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Water Using Tio2 and ZnO, Environmental  Biology, 31 247-249 (2010).
[27] Daneshvar N., Salari D., Behnasuady M. A., Decomposition of Anionic Sodium Dodecylnemzene Sulfonate by UV/TiO2 and UV/H2O2 Processes a-Comparison of Reaction Rates, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 21 (1): 55-62 (2002).
[28] Pardeshi S. K., Patil A. B., A Simple Route for Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Zinc Oxide Suspension Using Solar Energy, Solar Energy, 82 (8): 700-705 (2008).
[29] Selli E., De Giorgi A., Bidoglio G., Humic Acid-Sensitized Photoreduction of Cr(VI) on ZnO Particles, Environmental Science & Technology, 30 (2): 598-604 (1996).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics