Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Controlled Release of Compsobuthus Scorpion Venom Prepared from Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Antigen Delivery System

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Hamid Saeidian 1
Shima Shirmohamadi Bahadoran 2
Naser Mohammadpour Dounighi 3
1 Department of Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, I.R. IRAN
2 Department of Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Human Vaccines and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, I.R. IRAN
Abstract
In the present study, polymeric nanoparticles were prepared via ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate (TPP) and chitosan. The morphologies and characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, respectively, and their mean particle sizes and zeta potentials were obtained using DLS. FT-IR was confirmed tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP-linked with amine groups of chitosan in the nanoparticles. SEM was showed a spherical, smooth, and almost homogenous structure for the nanoparticles. The influence of many factors on the encapsulation of compsobuthus scorpion venom on the prepared chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) was also evaluated. The optimum encapsulation efficiency (99.98%) and loading capacity (80.44%) were obtained by chitosan concentration of 2 mg/ml, chitosan to TPP mass ratio of 2, and compsobuthus scorpion venom initial concentration of 500 mg/mL. In vitro release of nanoparticles showed an initial burst release of approximately 20% in the first 8 hours, followed by a slow and steady rate release for about 72 hours. It could be concluded that the compsobuthus scorpion venom-loaded CS-NPs can be considered as an antigen delivery candidate.
Keywords
Compsobuthus scorpion venom
Antigen delivery system
Chitosan nanoparticles
Ionic gelation
Polymeric nanoparticles

Subjects

[1] Saboktakin M.R., Tabatabaei R.M., Supramolecular Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Systems, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 75: 426-436 (2015).
[2] Langer R., Biomaterials in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering: One Laboratory's Experience, Acc. Chem. Res., 33: 94-101 (2000).
[3] مرضیه امیدی؛ سید عباس شجاع الساداتی؛ علی مرسلی، بررسی بارگذاری و رهایش کنترل شده یک داروی ضد آریتمی قلبی در یک چارچوب فلز ـ آلی، نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران، (2)33: 21 تا 25 (1392).
[4] Hilder T.A., Hill J. M., Carbon Nanotubes as Drug Delivery Nanocapsules, Current Appl. Phys., 8: 258-261 (2008).
[5] Whelan J., Nanocapsules for Controlled Drug Delivery, Drug Discov. Today, 6: 1183-1184 (2001).
[6] Christe Sonia Mary M., Sasikumar S., Sodium Alginate/Starch Blends Loaded with Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride as a Floating Drug Delivery System - In Vitro Evaluation, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 34: 25-31 (2015).
[7] Bano I., Arshad M., Yasin T., Ghauri M.A., Younus M., Chitosan: A Potential Biopolymer for Wound Management. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 102: 380-383 (2017).
[8] Yeo J.H., Lee K.G., Kim H.C., Oh Y.L., Kim S.Y., The effects of PVA/Chitosan/Fibroin (PCF)-Blended Spongy Sheets on Wound Heailng in Rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 23: 1220-1223 (2000).
[9] Naghizadeh A.; Ghafouri M., Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Chitosan Prepared from Persian Gulf Shrimp Shell in Removal of Reactive Blue 29 Dye from Aqueous Solution (Isotherm, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study), Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE), 36: 25-36 (2017).
[10] Broichsitter M.B., Nicolas J., Couvreur P., Design Attributes of Long-Circulating Polymeric Drug Delivery Vehicles, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 97: 304-317 (2015).
[11] Bhattarai N., Gunn J., Zhang M., Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Controlled, Localized Drug Delivery, ‎Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 62: 83-99 (2010).
[12] Shukla S.K., Mishra A.K., Arotiba O.A., Mamba B.B., Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials: A State-of-the-Art Review, Int, J. Biol. Macromol., 59: 46-58 (2013).
[13] Agnihotri S.A., Malli Karjuna N.N., Aminabhavi T.M., Recent Advances on Chitosan-Based Micro-and Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery. J. Control. Rel., 100: 5-28 (2004).
[14] Dash M., Chiellini F., Ottenbrite R.M., Chiellini E., Chitosan—A Versatile Semi-Synthetic Polymer in Biomedical Applications, Progress in Polymer Sci., 36: 981-1014 (2011).
[15] Nasti A., Zaki N.M., Leonardis P., Ungphaiboon S., Sansongsak P., Rimoli M.G., Tirelli N., Chitosan/TPP and Chitosan/TPP-Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles: Systematic Optimisation of the Preparative Process and Preliminary Biological Evaluation. Pharm. Res., 26: 1918-1930 (2009).
[16] حسن­زاده کفشگری، مرتضی؛ منصوری، محسن؛ صمیمی، عبدالرضا، بهسازی و تعیین درجه ‌استیل‌زدایی کیتوزان با روش تیتراسیون پتانسیل سنجى و طیف‌نمایی زیر قرمز، نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران، (2)31: 13 تا 20 (1391).
[17] Sinha V.R., Singla A.K., Wadhawan S., Kashik R., Kumria R., Bansal K., Dhawan S., Chitosan Microspheres as a Potential Carrier for Drugs, Int. J. Pharm., 274: 1-33 (2004).
[18] Calvo P., Remunan-Lopes C., Vila-Jato J.L., Alonso M.J., Chitosan and Chitosan/Ethylene Oxide-Propylene Oxide Block Copolymer Nanoparticles as Novel Carriers for Proteins and Vaccines, Pharm. Res., 14: 1431-1436 (1997).
[19] Guliyeva U., Oner F., Ozsor S.S., Haziroglu R., Chitosan Microparticles Containing Plasmid DNA as Potential oral Gene Delivery System, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 62: 17-25 (2006).
[20] Tokumitsu H., Ichikawa H., Fukumori Y., Chitosan-Gadopentetic Acid Complex Nanoparticles for Gadolinium Neutron-Capture Therapy of Cancer: Preparation by Novel Emulsion-Droplet Coalescence Technique and Characterization. Pharm. Res., 16: 1830-1835 (1999).
[21] Dehghani R., Djadid N.D., Shahbazzadeh D., Bigdelli S., Introducing Compsobuthus Matthiesseni (Birula, 1905) Scorpion as one of the Major Stinging Scorpions in Khuzestan, Iran. Toxicon., 54: 272-25 (2009).
[22] Mohammadpour Dounighi N., Damavandi M., Zolfagharian H., Moradi S., Preparing and characterizing Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Hemiscorpius Lepturus Scorpion Venom as an Antigen Delivery System, Archives Razi Institute., 67: 145-153 (2012).
[23] Mohammadpour Dounighi N., Behfar A., Ezabadi A., Zolfagharian H., Heydari M., Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Naja Naja Oxiana Snake Venom, Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol., Med. 6: 137-143 (2010).
[24] Kawashima Y., Handa T., Kasai A., Takenaka H., Lin S.Y., Ando Y., Novel Method for the Preparation of Controlled‐Release Theophylline Granules Coated with a Polyelectrolyte Complex of Sodium Polyphosphate–Chitosan, J. Pharm. Sci., 47: 264-268 (1985).
[25] Mohammadpour Dounighi N., Yazdizadeh R., Zolfagharian H., New Antigen Delivery Vehicle Candidate: Orthochirus iranus Scorpion Venom Entrapped in Chitosan Nanoparticles, British J. Pharm. Res., 7: 264-275 (2015).
[26] Kruger N.J., The Bradford Method for Protein Quantitation. Methods Mol. Biol., 32: 9-15 (1994).
[27] Dustgani A., Farahania E.V., Imani M., Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded by Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate. Iran. J. Pharm. Sci., 4: 111-114 (2008).
[28] Gan Q., Wang T., Chitosan Nanoparticle as Protein Delivery Carrier—Systematic Examination of Fabrication Conditions for Efficient Loading and Release, Colloid Surface B: Biointerface, 59:
24-34 (2007).
[29] Dailey L. A., Wittmar M., Kissel T., The Role of Branched Polyesters and Their Modifications in the Development of Modern Drug Delivery Vehicles, J. Control Rel., 101: 137-149 (2005).
[30] Siepmann J., Peppas N. A., Higuchi Equation: Derivation, Applications, Use and Misuse, Int. J. Pharm. 418:  6-12 (2011).