Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Chitosan Nanocomposite Containing Montmorillonite and Eggshell to Remove Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Afra Azizi Fard
Negar Motakef Kazemi
Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Abstract
The design of absorbents to remove toxic dyes has made significant progress. Absorbents based on polymer composites are important with diverse potential applications. The use of natural chitosan polymer as the continuous phase of composite has been expanded due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and distinctive properties. In this research, the absorbent based on chitosan composite containing montmorillonite (MMT) clay and egg shell inspired by nature was used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The ratios of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 g of clay and eggshell absorbent in chitosan composite were used to remove the dye after immersion in aqueous medium. The proportion of 0.25 g was chosen as the optimal sample based on the results of the maximum removal. The amount of dye removal was evaluated by the final composite as the optimal sample in the concentration of 15 ppm of methylene blue pollutant and 0.25 g/l of absorbent by the final composite. Samples were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to examine size and size distribution, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) to evaluate shape and size, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for chemical spectroscopy analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine functional groups, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to check the crystal structure, BET analysis to measure the surface area, and UV-vis spectrophotometer to study the amount removal. Based on the results of the chitosan composite containing 0.25 g of clay and eggshell as the optimal sample, it showed the highest (94%) removal of methylene blue dye from the aqueous solution.
Keywords
Chitosan
Clay
Montmorillonite
Eggshell
Methylene blue

Subjects

[1] Muhammed Shameem M., Sasikanth S.M., Annamalai R., Ganapathi Raman R., A Brief Review on Polymer Nanocomposites and Its Applications, Materials Today. 45(2): 2536-2539 (2021).
[2] Sharma B., Malik P., Jain P., Biopolymer Reinforced Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review, Materials Today Communications. 16: 353-363 (2018).
[3] Althomali R.H., Alamry K.A., Hussein M.A., Tay G.S., Versatile Applications of Biopolymer Nanocomposites: A Review, ChemistrySelect. 7(31): e202200843 (2022).
[4] Kou S., Peters L.M., Mucalo M.R., Chitosan: A Review of Sources and Preparation Methods, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 169: 85-94 (2021).
[5] Aranaz I., Alcántara A.R., Concepción Civera M., Arias C., Elorza B., Heras Caballero A., Acosta N., Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications, Polymers (Basel). 13(19): 3256, (2021).
[6] Yaghmaeiyan N., Mirzaei M., Delghavi R., Montmorillonite Clay: Introduction and Evaluation of its Applications in Different Organic Syntheses as Catalyst: A Review, Results in Chemistry. 4: 100549 (2022).
[7] Guo F., Aryana S., Han Y., Jiao Y., A Review of the Synthesis and Applications of Polymer–Nanoclay Composites, Appl. Sci. 8(9): 1696 (2018).
[8] Huang X., Dong K., Liu L., Luo X., Yang R., Song H., Li S., Huang Q., Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of Nano Eggshell Calcium Prepared by Wet Ball Milling, LWT. 131: 109721 (2020).
[9] Fathi E., Derakhshanfard F., Gharbani P., Ghazi Tabatabaei Z., Preparation of Chitosan-Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with ZnO@laccase: Application in the Removal of Bisphenol a from Aqueous Solution, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials. 30(1): 2234–2240 (2020).
[10] Maali Ahari S., Ghazi Tabatabaei Z., Facile Synthesis of MgO/C3N4 Nanocomposite for Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Under Visible Light, Journal of Environmental Engineering. 149(2): (2023).
[11] Yagub M.T., Sen T.K., Afroze S., Ang H.M., Dye and Its Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption: A Review, Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 209: 172-184 (2014).
[12] Raeisi Kheirabadi N., Salman Tabrizi N., Sangpour P., Synthesis of Sodium Alginate-Derived Carbon Aerogel for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE). 39(5): 157-168 (2020).
[13] Pai S., Kini M.S., Selvaraj R., A Review on Adsorptive Removal of Dyes from Wastewater by Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites, ESPR. 28: 11835–11849 (2021).
[14] Ajibola Adeyemo A., Olatunbosun Adeoye I., Solomon Bello O., Metal Organic Frameworks as Adsorbents for Dye Adsorption: Overview, Prospects and Future Challenges, Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 94(10): 1846-1863 (2012).
[15] Adeyemo A.A., Adeoye I., Adeoye O.S., Adsorption of Dyes Using Different Types of Clay: A Review, Appl. Water Sci. 7: 543–568 (2017).
[16] Nur Heybet E., Ugraskan V., Isik B., Yazıcı O., Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye on Sodium Alginate/Polypyrrole Nanotube Composites, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 193: 88-99 (2021).
[17] Soleimani S., Heydari A., Fattahi M., Motamedisade A., Calcium Alginate Hydrogels Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Synthesis, Characterization, and Modelling, Industrial Crops and Products. 192: 115999 (2023).
[18] Hidayat E., Yonemura S., Mitoma Y., Harada H., Methylene Blue Removal by Chitosan Cross-Linked Zeolite from Aqueous Solution and Other Ion Effects: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Desorption Studies, Adsorption Science & Technology. 2022: 1853758 (2022).
[19] Minisy I.M., Salahuddin N., Ayad M.M., Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Chitosan–Montmorillonite/Polyaniline Nanocomposite, Applied Clay. 203: 105993 (2021).
[20] El-Kousy S.M., El-Shorbagy H.G., Abd El-Ghaffar M.A., Chitosan/Montmorillonite Composites for Fast Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions, Materials Chemistry and Physics. 254: 123236 (2020).
[21] Sharma K., Sharma S., Sharma V., Kumar Mishra P., Ekielski A., Sharma V., Kumar V., Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption from Wastewater Using Hydroxyapatite/Gold Nanocomposite: Kinetic and Thermodynamics Studies, Nanomaterials. 11(6): 1403 (2021).
[22] Liang H., Hu X., Preparation of Magnetic Cellulose Nanocrystal-Modified Diatomite for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (IJCCE). 41(3): 787-798 (2022).
[23] Motakef-Kazemi N., A Novel Sorbent Based on Metal–Organic Framework for Mercury Separation from Human Serum Samples by Ultrasound Assisted-Ionic Liquid-Solid Phase Microextraction, AMECJ. 2: 67-78 (2019).
[24] Dutta S., Gupta B., Kumar Srivastava S., Kumar Gupta A., Recent Advances on the Removal of Dyes from Wastewater using Various Adsorbents: A Critical Review, Mater. Adv. 2: 4497-4531 (2021).
[25] Kandiyil J., Vasudevan S., Athiyanathil S., Efficient Selective Methylene Blue Adsorption by Polyurethane/Montmorillonite-Based Antifouling Electrospun Composite Membranes, Journal of applied polymer science. 140(10): e53464 (2023).
[26] Chang J., Ma J., Ma Q., Zhang D., Qiao N., Hu M., Ma H., Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Fe3O4/Activated Montmorillonite Nanocomposite, Applied Clay Science. 119(1): 132-140 (2016).
[27] Minisy I.M., Salahuddin N.A., Ayad M.M., Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Chitosan–Montmorillonite/Polyaniline Nanocomposite, Applied Clay Science. 203: 105993 (2021).
[28] Julian S., Rogers K., Taylor J.K., Masud A.M., Aich N., Pinto A.H., Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Chitosan: Insights about Metachromasy Occurrence on Wastewater Remediation, Energy, Ecology and Environment. 4: 85–102 (2019).
[29] de Oliveira Zonato R., Ramos Estevam B., Dias Perez I., Aparecida dos Santos Ribeiro V., Freire Boina R., Eggshell as an Adsorbent for Removing Dyes and Metallic Ions in Aqueous Solutions, Cleaner Chemical Engineering. 2: 100023 (2022).
[30] Zhang Y., Le Ferrand H., Bioinspired Self-Shaping Clay Composites for Sustainable Development, Biomimetics. 7(1): 13 (2022).
[31] Zhang H., Hodges C.S., Kumar Mishra P., Young Yoon J., Hunter T.N., Lee J.W., Harbottle D., Bio-Inspired Preparation of Clay–Hexacyanoferrate Composite Hydrogels as Super Adsorbents for Cs+, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 12(29): 33173–33185 (2020).
[32] Li S.K., Mao L.B., Gao H.L., Yao H.B., Yu S.H., Bio-Inspired Clay Nanosheets/Polymer Matrix/Mineral Nanofibers Ternary Composite Films with Optimal Balance of Strength and Toughness, Science China Materials. 60: 909–917 (2017).
[33] Wang J., Lin L., Cheng Q., Jiang L., A Strong Bio-Inspired Layered PNIPAM–Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogel, Angewandte international Edition chemie. 51(19): 4676-4680 (2012).
[34] Cree D., Rutter A., Sustainable Bio-Inspired Limestone Eggshell Powder for Potential Industrialized Applications, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 3(5): 941–949 (2015).
[35]  Ahmed T.A.E., Suso H.P., Maqbool A., Hincke M.T., Processed Eggshell Membrane Powder: Bioinspiration for an Innovative Wound Healing Product, Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 95: 192-203 (2019).
[36] Mignardi S., Archilletti L., Medeghini L., De Vito C., Valorization of Eggshell Biowaste for Sustainable Environmental Remediation, Scientific Reports. 10: 2436 (2020).
[37] Ebnerasool F.S., Motakef-Kazemi N., Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Nanocomposite Based on Nanoscale Silver and Nanomontmorillonite, Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal. 2: 5-12 (2019).
[38] رحام آرمند، گرشاسب ریگی، رضا علیزاده، حذف رنگ مستقیم سبز 6 با استفاده از نشانده شدن آنزیم لاکاس بر روی نانو ذرات فریت روی از محلول های آبی، ﻣﺠﻠﻪ دانشگاه ﻋﻠﻮم پزشکی رفسنجان. ۱۶(۹): ۸۶۸-۸۵۷ (۱۳۹۶).
[39] Faiz Abdul Latif A., Siew Yee L., Suliza Muhamad M., Te Chuan L., Basri H., Natural Adsorbent Made from Eggshells for Removal of Chromium (VI) in Water, Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 12(1): 518-528 (2021).
[40] Drabczyk A., Kudłacik-Kramarczyk S., Głąb M., Kędzierska M., Jaromin A., Mierzwiński D., Tyliszczak B., Physicochemical Investigations of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels Containing Aloe Vera designed for Biomedical use, Materials. 13: 3073 (2020).
[41] Danková Z., Mockovčiaková A., Dolinská S., Influence of Ultrasound Irradiation on Cadmium Cations Adsorption by Montmorillonite, Desalination and Water Treatment. 52(28-30): 5462-5469 (2014).
[42] Tizo M.S., Andre L., Blanco V., Cris A., Cagas Q., Rangel B., Dela Cruz B., Encoy J.C., Gunting J.V., Arazo R.O., Efficiency of Calcium Carbonate from Eggshells as an Adsorbent for Cadmium Removal in Aqueous Solution, Sustainable Environment Research. 28(6): 326-332 (2018).
[43] Thamilarasan V., Sethuraman V., Gopinath K., Balalakshmi C., Govindarajan M., Mothana R.A., Siddiqui N.A., Khaled J.M., Benelli G., Single Step Fabrication of Chitosan Nanocrystals using Penaeus Semisulcatus: Potential as New Insecticides, Antimicrobials and Plant Growth Promoters, Journal of Cluster Science. 29: 375–384 (2018).
[44] Choudhary R., Koppala S., Swamiappan S., Bioactivity Studies of Calcium Magnesium Silicate Prepared from Eggshell Waste by Sol–Gel Combustion Synthesis, Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 3(2): 173-177 (2015).
[45] Y. Zhang, H. Li, Y. Zhang, F. Song, X. Cao, X. Lyu, Y. Zhang, J. Crittenden, Statistical Optimization and Batch Studies on Adsorption of Phosphate using Al-Eggshell, Adsorption Science & Technology. 36(3–4): 999–1017 (2018).
[46] Faraji H., Mohamadi A.A., Soheil Arezomand H.R., Mahvi A.H., Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of the Removal of Blue Basic 41 and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution using Rice Stems, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng (IJCCE). 34(3): 33-42 (2015).
[47] Li C., Xiong Z., Zhang J., Wu C., The Strengthening Role of the Amino Group in Metal−Organic Framework MIL-53 (Al) for Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dye Adsorption, J. Chem. Eng. Data. 60(11): 3414–3422 (2015).
[48] Mohammadi A.A., Alinejad A., Kamarehie B., Javan S., Ghaderpoury A., Ahmadpour M., Ghaderpoori M., Metal-Organic Framework Uio-66 for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Techno. 14: 1959–1968 (2017).
[49] Motakef Kazemi N., Asadi A., Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution using Zn2(Bdc)2(Dabco) Metal-Organic Framework and Its Polyurethane Nanocomposite, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng (IJCCE). 41(12): 3950-3962 (2022).