نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران

نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران

مروری بر نانوحباب‌ها و کاربردهای نوین آن‌ها: بهبود عملکرد و افزایش بهره‌وری

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان
مجید میرزایی 1
علیمراد رشیدی 2
1 گروه پژوهشی مواد غیرفلزی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران
2 گروه فناوری نانو و کربن، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران، ایران
چکیده
نانوحباب‌ها به‌عنوان یکی از ساختارهای نوین در سامانه‌های کلوئیدی، به‌دلیل پایداری بالا، سطح ویژه گسترده و رفتار فیزیکوشیمیایی منحصربه‌فرد، در سال‌های اخیر توجه گسترده‌ای را در حوزه‌های صنعتی و تحقیقاتی به خود جلب کرده‌اند. این ساختارهای گازی نانومقیاس که در دو نوع سطحی و حجمی  تولید می‌شوند، با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های مختلف فیزیکی، شیمیایی و فیزیکوشیمیایی قابل سنتز هستند. در این مقاله، ضمن مرور روش‌های ساخت نانوحباب‌ها، به‌ویژه به کاربردهای نوین آن‌ها در صنعت نیروگاهی و نقش آن‌ها در مهار خوردگی فلزات پرداخته می‌شود. خوردگی یکی از چالش‌های اساسی در واحدهای نیروگاهی، به‌ویژه در محیط‌های اسیدی مانند سامانه‌های زمین گرمایی، محسوب می‌شود. پژوهش‌ها نشان داده‌اند که تزریق نانوحباب‌های هوایی به محیط‌های خورنده می‌تواند نرخ خوردگی فولاد را تا ۵۰ درصد کاهش دهد. این عملکرد حفاظتی از طریق تشکیل یک لایه نانویی حباب‌مانند روی سطح فلز و تسریع تجمع ترکیباتی نظیر سیلیکا در محیط اسیدی حاصل می‌شود. افزون‌براین، نانوحباب‌ها در کاربردهای دیگری مانند تمیزکاری سطوح، کاهش اصطکاک در سیالات، حذف آلاینده‌ها و بهبود فرایند شناورسازی مواد معدنی نیز قابلیت‌های منحصربه‌فردی از خود نشان داده‌اند. نتایج بررسی‌ها، افق‌های نوینی را در بهره‌گیری از نانوحباب‌ها برای افزایش بهره‌وری، کاهش هزینه‌های نگهداری و افزایش دوام زیرساخت‌های فلزی در نیروگاه‌ها نوید می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
نانوحباب‌های سطحی
نانوحباب های حجمی
خوردگی فلزات
زمین گرمایی
بهبود بهره وری

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