نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران

نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران

مروری بر پیشرفت‌های اخیر در تصفیه آب و پساب به کمک فرآیند ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان
سید بهنام باقرزاده 1
نیاز محمد محمودی 2
1 گروه مهندسی شیمی، مواد و پلیمر، مرکز آموزش عالی فنی و مهندسی بوئین زهرا، بوئین زهرا، قزوین، ایران
2 گروه پژوهشی محیط‌زیست و رنگ، پژوهشگاه رنگ، تهران، ایران
چکیده
ازن (O3) یک عامل اکسیدکننده قوی است که آلاینده‌های آلی مقاوم (ROCs) را به مولکول‌های کوچک‌تر و کم‌خطرتر تجزیه می‌کند. فرآیند ازن‌زنی به طور گسترده در تصفیه آب و پساب برای ضدعفونی کردن و به منظور تخریب آلاینده‌های آلی سمی استفاده شده است. با این حال، راندمان استفاده از ازن پایین است و معدنی شدن آلاینده‌های آلی توسط اکسیداسیون ازن کمتر مؤثر است و احتمال دارد برخی از محصولات جانبی سمی حاصل از فرآیند ضدعفونی (DBPs) تشکیل شوند. فرآیند ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی می‌تواند تا حدودی بر این مشکلات غلبه کند. در طول ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی، کاتالیست‌ها می‌توانند راندمان تجزیه O3 را افزایش داده و رادیکال‌های آزاد فعال تولید کنند. این گونه‌های فعال می‌توانند تخریب و معدنی شدن آلاینده‌های آلی را افزایش دهند. در ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی هتروژن (HCO)، ازن به صورت گاز یا هوای غنی‌شده با O3 به جریان پساب تزریق می‌شود. یک کاتالیست جامد با افزایش تجزیه O3 و تولید گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن (ROS) که قادر به اکسید کردن ROCs هستند، راندمان ازن‌زنی را بهبود می‌بخشد. اکسیدهای فلزی کاتالیست ­هایی هستند که اغلب مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. با این حال، نوع کاتالیست مورد استفاده در فرآیند HCO و نحوه واکنش آن با O3 تعیین می‌‌کند که چه مقدار ROS تولید می‌شود. تولید گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن توسط کاتالیست ­های مختلف در فرآیند ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی هتروژن از طریق مکانیسم‌های مختلفی افزایش می‌یابد که ممکن است بر راندمان و گزینش‌پذیری فرآیند تأثیر بگذارد. مطالعه حاضر، خلاصه‌ای جامع از تحقیقات و پیشرفت‌های انجام شده در مورد فرآیند ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی را در قالب بخش‌های مختلف شامل تاریخچه، انواع فرآیندهای ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی، کاتالیست‌های هموژن و هتروژن پرکاربرد در این فرآیند، مکانیسم‌های فرآیند ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی هموژن و هتروژن، تأثیر پارامترهای عملیاتی (غلظت اولیه آلاینده، مقدار بارگذاری کاتالیست، pH محلول و دما) بر فرآیند و در نهایت کاربرد فرآیند ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی به منظور تخریب آلاینده‌های آلی سمی را مورد بحث قرار می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ازن
ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی
فرآیند ازن‌زنی کاتالیستی هتروژن
تصفیه آب و پساب
تخریب آلاینده‌های آلی سمی.

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