مروری بر نسل های گوناگون کاتالیست های زیگلر ـ ناتا و اجزای تشکیل دهنده آن ها برای پلیمریزاسیون پروپیلن

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر (پلی‌تکنیک تهران)، کدپستی: 4413-15875، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی پلیمر، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر (پلی‌تکنیک تهران)، کدپستی: 4413-15875، تهران، ایران

3 پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، کدپستی: 13115-14977، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کشف پلیمریزاسیون اولفین ­ها با کاتالیست ­های فلزهای واسطه در اوایل دهه­ ی1950میلادی توسط زیگلر و ناتا از اهمیت به­ سزایی برخوردار بود و آغازی برای تولید پلی ­اولفین ­های صنعتی بود.این کاتالیست ­ها طی بیش از 60 سال گذشته رشد چشمگیری داشته ­اند و امروزه به ­عنوان کاتالیست­ هایی مؤثر برای انواع پلیمریزاسیون اولفین ­ها استفاده می­ شوند. برای تولید پلی ­پروپیلن­ ایزوتاکتیک از کاتالیست ­های تیتانیوم کلرید بر پایه­ی منیزیم کلرید همراه با الکترون ­دهنده­ درونی، الکترون­ دهنده بیرونی و کمک ­کاتالیست آلومینیوم آلکیل استفاده می­ شود. کشف پایه­ منیزیم کلرید در سال 1968 میلادی و سپس الکترون ­دهنده ­ها در سال 1970 میلادی منجر به بهبود فضاویژگی و فعالیت کاتالیست­ های زیگلر - ناتا شد. به­ دلیل اهمیت کاتالیست­ های زیگلر - ناتا در پلیمریزاسیون پروپیلن، تاریخچه­ کشف نسل­ های گوناگون کاتالیست­ های زیگلر - ناتا، معرفی پایه­ ی کاتالیست، سطوح موجود در پایه­ منیزیم کلرید، نوع­های گوناگون الکترون­دهنده­های درونی و بیرونی و نقش آن­ها در کارایی کاتالیست­های پلیمریزاسیون پروپیلن، روش­ های جذب الکترون ­دهنده­ ها روی پایه و تعادل­ های پیشنهادی بین اجزای کاتالیست در فرایند پلیمریزاسیون بررسی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

مراجع

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