Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Review on Using Red Mud (Waste of Aluminum Production Process from Bauxite) as an Absorbent of Various Environmental Contaminants.

Document Type : Review Article

Authors
Shima Rahimi
Mehdi Irannajad
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Abstract
Red mud, as the Bayer process (aluminum production from bauxite) tailing with high pH (10-13) and solubility for heavy metals, has many destructive environmental effects. Red mud using in various industries with the aim of reducing its environmental effects has not been achieved due to the high cost of transportation, but its special physic-chemical properties, including the presence of various metal oxides in its composition, high specific area and the presence of surface-active sites, it was used for many applications, including environmental pollutants adsorption. Factors such as the storage time and kind of production process are effective on the constituent compounds and ion exchange capability of red mud. As the time storage increases, the number and activity of ion exchange phases and adsorption properties of red mud decrease. Compared to natural absorbents such as coconut shell, volcanic ash, and animal skin waste; red mud has a higher adsorption capacity, and compared to synthetic adsorbents, it has less costs to use. Although the specific area of red mud (22-35 m2/g) is lower compared to expensive adsorbents such as activated carbon (1000-1100 m2/g), it has a specific area compared to natural and cheap adsorbents (1-10 m2/g). Among anionic and metal contaminants, red mud has been more successful than other pollutants and adsorption capacity for phosphate and cadmium were 192 and 50 mg/g, respectively. Among affective factors on adsorption, temperature, time, and pH are the most important factors for various contaminants by red mud. A variety of thermal methods, acid washing, washing with sea water and the use of additives have been used to improve the adsorption properties, modify the surface, and reduce the pH of red mud. Among these methods, combination of acid washing-thermal methods, acid washing-precipitation with ammonia and cationic acid washing-surfacing methods are more effective.
Keywords
Red mud
Adsorption'
Environmental contaminant
Affective factors on adsorption
Modify methods

Subjects

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