Investigating the Effect of Zeolite (A4) on the Pyrolysis of Tyre and Poplar Wood Wastes

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, I.R.IRAN

Abstract

In this work, the effect of zeolite catalyst on the pyrolysis process of waste tyre and poplar wood was investigated. For this aim, 15 grams of sample was loaded in a laboratory-sized reactor and pyrolyzed at 500°C under atmospheric pressure. The results showed that zeolite catalyst could change the characteristics of manufactured products. In the case of gaseous products, the catalyst reduced the amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The results of the liquid product analysis showed the presence of light aromatics such as ethyl benzene and light linear compounds such as alkanes including octane, hexane, etc in the liquid product. By adding the zeolite catalyst to the reaction environment, the amounts of the mentioned compounds changed significantly. For example, the amount of alkanes decreased. The results of the analysis showed that the catalyst had almost no effect on wax properties. Analysis of poplar wood, waste tyre and char samples produced in thermal and catalytic pyrolysis indicated that the two samples had similar properties, but the difference in intensity in the characteristics of different bands showed different numbers of chemical functional groups in the char samples. The small amount of carbon on the surface of catalyst showed that very small amount of coke was formed on the surface of the catalyst.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Tao K., Vladimir S., Tim E., Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of Product Properties and Effects of Pyrolysis Parameters, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57: 1126–1140 (2016).
[2] Latif F., Lotfi K., Richard C., Pyrolysis Products from Different Biomasses: Application to the Thermal Cracking of Tar, Applied Energy, 69: 293–306 (2001).
[3] Xia H., Houghton J.A., Clark J.H., Matharu A.S., Potential Utilization of Unavoidable Food Supply Chain Wastes–Valorization of Pea Vine Wastes, acs sustainable chemistry & engineering, 4: 6002–6009 (2016).
[4] Francesco C., The Biorefinery Concept: using Biomass Instead of Oil for Producing Energy and Chemicals, Energy Conversion and Management, 51: 1412–1421 (2010).
[5] Wang Z., Burra K.G., Lei T., Kupta A.K., Co-Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic and Solid Biomass for Synergistic Production of Biofuels and Chemicals-A Review, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 84: 1-35 (2021).
[6] Juan Daniel M., Neus P., Ramon M., Tomas G., Marıa Victoria N., Ana Maria M., Waste Tyre Pyrolysis – A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23: 179–213 (2013).
[7] Qing C., Li'e J., Weiren B., Yongkang L., Investigations into the Characteristics of Oils Produced from Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Tire, Fuel Processing Technology, 90: 337–342 (2009).
[8] European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturers’ Association, End-of-life tyres management report 2011. Available at http://www.etrma.org/uploads/Modules/Doc umentsmanager/ brochure-elt-2011-final.pdf [accessed: 27.04.2012].
[9] Sharma A., Khatri D., Goyal R., Agrawal A., Mishra V., Hansdah D., Environmentally Friendly Fuel Obtained from Pyrolysis of Waste Tyres, Energy Systems and Nanotechnology, 1: 185-204 (2021).
[10] Xu X., Yu J., He W., Huang J., Xu J., Li G., Wet Compounding with Pyrolytic Carbon Black from Waste Tyre for Manufacture of New Tyre – A Mini Review, Waste Management & Research, 1: 1-14 (2021).
[11] Aguado J., Serrano D., Escola J.M., Fuels from waste plastics by thermal and catalytic processes: a review, Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 47: 7982-7992 (2008).
[12] Wampler T.P., “Applied pyrolysis handbook,” 2nd ed. CRC; (2007).
[13] “Pyrolysis and Torrefaction. Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis.” DOI: 10.1016/ B978-0-12-374988-8.00003-9
[14] Faisal A., Wan Mohd Ashri., Wan D., A Review on Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass: An Optional Technique to Obtain a High-Grade Pyrolysis Oil,” Energy Conversion and Management, 87: 71–85 (2014).
[15] Tao K., Vladimir S., Tim E., Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of Product Properties and Effects of Pyrolysis Parameters,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57: 1126–1140 (2016).
[16] Quek A., Balasubramanian R., Low-Energy and Chemical-Free Activation of Pyrolytic Tire Char and its Adsorption Characteristics, journal of the air & waste management association, 59: 747–756 (2009).
[17] Uzoejinwa B.B., He X., Wang S., El-Fatah A., Hu A.Y., Wang Q., Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Waste Plastics as a Thermochemical Conversion Technology for High-Grade Biofuel Production: Recent Progress and Future Directions Elsewhere Worldwide,  Energy Conversion and Management, 163: 468–492 (2018).
[18] Peigao D., Binbin J., Yuping X., Feng Wang., Co-Pyrolysis of Microalgae and Waste Rubber Tire in Supercritical Ethanol, Chemical Engineering Journal, 269: 262–271 (2015).
[19] Jon A., Maider A., Gartzen L., Laura S., Javier B., Martin O., Improving Bio-Oil Properties through the Fast Co-Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Waste Tyres, Waste Management, 85: 385–395 (2019).
[21] Prabir B., “Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis,” Elsevier, the Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, (2010).
[22] Gašparovič L., Koreňová Z., Jelemenský Ľ., “Kinetic study of wood chips decomposition by TGA,” Chemical papers, (2010).
[23] Alcock C.B., “Thermochemical Processes,” 1th Edition, University of Norte Dame, Indiana, USA, (2000).
[25] Fagbemi L., Khezami L., Capart R., Pyrolysis Products from Different Biomasses: Application to the Thermal Cracking of Tar, Applied energy, 69: 293-306 (2001).
[26] Onay O., Kockar O.M., Slow, Fast and Flash Pyrolysis of Rapeseed, Renewable energy, 28: 2417-2433 (2003).
[27] Ryu H.W., Lee H.W., Jae J., Park Y.K., Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignin for the Production of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Effect of Magnesium Oxide Catalyst, Energy, 179: 669-675 (2019).
[28] Laresgoiti M.F., Caballero B.M., de Marco I., Torres A., Cabrero M.A., Chomón M.J., "Characterization of the Liquid Products Obtained in Tyre Pyrolysis,  Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 71: 917-934 (2004).
[29] Kar Y., Catalytic Pyrolysis of Car Tire Waste using Expanded Perlite, Waste Management, 31: 1772-1782 (2011).
[30] Roy C., Labrecque B., de Caumia B., recycling of Scrap Tires to Oil and Carbon Black by Vacuum Pyrolysis,  Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 4: 203-213 (1990).
[31] Gunawan R., Li X., Lievens C., Gholizadeh M., Chaiwat W., Hu X., Mourant D., Bromly J., Upgrading of Bio-Oil into Advanced Biofuels and Chemicals. Part I. Transformation of GC-Detectable Light Species during the Hydrotreatment of Bio-Oil using Pd/C Catalyst,  Journal of Fuel, 709-717 (2013).
[32] Islam M.R. Joardder M.U.H., Kader M.A., Sarker M.R., "Valorization of Solid Tire Wastes Available in Bangladesh by Thermal Treatment," (2011).