Benzene-Contaminated Groundwater Remediation by Modified Fenton

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Environment and Biotechnology Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination of groundwater has become a widespread environmental issue in developing countries. In recent years, various technologies have been applied to remediate petroleum pollutants from groundwater, such as Modified Fenton (MF). In the present study, treatment of benzene-contaminated groundwater is investigated. In the first step of the experiments, calcium peroxide nanoparticles were synthesized, then encapsulated using sodium alginate. Moreover, application of synthesized capsules in benzene removal from groundwater was evaluated in batch and column studies. In the batch experiments, 50 mg/L of benzene was removed completely within 70 days. Whereas, the pollution removal reached 100% after 4 days in the column experiments. In addition, the dissolved oxygen of the reactor with CaO2 capsules raised from 4 to 6 mg/L. The microbial count was increased to 106 CFU/mL, while the blank experiment was approximately 106 CFU/mL. Consequently, the results showed high efficiency and appropriate performance for encapsulated calcium peroxide nanoparticles for remediation of benzene from groundwater.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Zhang S., Mao G., Crittenden J., Liu X., Du H., Groundwater Remediation from the Past to the Future: A Bibliometric Analysis, Water Research, 119: 114-125 (2017).
Karamanev D., Margaritis, A., Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in an Immobilized Cell Airlift Bioreactor, Water research, 39(15): 3704-3714 (2005).
[2] Georgi A., Schierz A., Mackenzie K., Kopinke F.D., Colloidal Activated Carbon for In-Situ Groundwater Remediation, Transport Characteristics and Adsorption of Organic Compounds in Water-Saturated Sediment Columns, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 179: 76-88 (2015).
[3] Simantiraki F., Kollias C.G., Maratos D., Hahladakis J., Gidarakos E, Qualitative Determination and Application of Sewage Sludge and Municipal Solid Waste Compost for BTEX Removal from Groundwater, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1(1): 9-17 (2013).
[4] Vidal C.B., Raulino G.S., Barros A.L., Lima A.C., Ribeiro J.P., Pires M.J., Nascimento R.F., BTEX Removal from Aqueous Solutions by HDTMA-Modified Y Zeolite, Journal of Environmental Management, 112: 178-185 (2012).
[5] Semer R., Reddy K.R., Mechanisms Controlling Toluene Removal from Saturated Soils During in Situ Air Sparging. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 57(1-3): 209-230 (1998).
[6] Torkaman R., Kazemian H., Soltanieh M., Removal of Btx Compounds from Wastewaters Using Template Free Mfi Zeolitic Membrane, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 29(4): 91-98 (2010).
[7] Nekoo, S. H., & Fatemi, S., Experimental Study and Adsorption Modeling of COD Reduction by Activated Carbon for Wastewater Treatment of Oil Refinery, Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 32(3): 81-89 (2013).
[8] Kambhu A., Comfort S., Chokejaroenrat C., Sakulthaew C., Developing Slow-Release Persulfate Candles to Treat BTEX Contaminated Groundwater, Chemosphere, 89(6): 656-664 (2012).
[9] Mascolo G., Ciannarella R., Balest L., Lopez A., Effectiveness of UV-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Remediation of Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Groundwater: A Laboratory Investigation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152(3): 1138-1145 (2008).
[10] Li B., Zhu J., Removal of p-Chloronitrobenzene from Groundwater: Effectiveness and Degradation Mechanism of a Heterogeneous Nanoparticulate Zero-Valent Iron (NZVI)-Induced Fenton Process, Chemical Engineering Journal, 255: 225-232 (2014).
[11] Sandu C., Popescu M., Rosales E., Bocos E., Pazos M., Lazar G., Sanromán M.A., Electrokinetic-Fenton Technology for the Remediation of Hydrocarbons Historically Polluted Sites, Chemosphere, 156: 347-356 (2016).
[12] Northup A., Cassidy D., Calcium Peroxide (CaO2) for Use in Modified Fenton Chemistry, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152(3): 1164-1170 (2008).
[13] Fu X., Gu X., Lu S., Xu M., Miao Z., Zhang X., Sui Q., Enhanced Degradation of Benzene in Aqueous Solution by Sodium Percarbonate Activated with Chelated-Fe (II), Chemical Engineering Journal, 285: 180-188 (2016).
[14] Corseuil H.X., Gomez D.E., Schambeck C.M., Ramos D.T., Alvarez P.J., Nitrate Addition to Groundwater Impacted by Ethanol-Blended Fuel Accelerates Ethanol Removal and Mitigates the Associated Metabolic Flux Dilution and Inhibition of BTEX Biodegradation, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 174: 1-9 (2015).
[15] Xin B.P., Wu C.H., Wu C.H., Lin C.W., Bioaugmented Remediation of High Concentration BTEX-Contaminated Groundwater by Permeable Reactive Barrier with Immobilized Bead, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 244: 765-772 (2013).
[16] Saponaro S., Negri M., Sezenna E., Bonomo L., Sorlini C., Groundwater Remediation by
an in Situ Biobarrier: a Bench Scale Feasibility Test for Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether and Other Gasoline Compounds, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167(1): 545-552 (2009).
[17] Landmeyer J.E., Chapelle F.H., Herlong H.H., Bradley P.M., Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Biodegradation by Indigenous Aquifer Microorganisms under Natural and Artificial Oxic Conditions, Environmental Science & Technology, 35(6): 1118-1126 (2001).
[18] Qian Y., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Chen J., Zhou X., Degradation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenol by Nanoscale Calcium Peroxide: Implication for Groundwater Remediation, Separation and Purification Technology, 166: 222-229 (2016).
[19] Zhang X., Gu X., Lu S., Miao Z., Xu M., Fu X., Sui Q., Degradation of Trichloroethylene in Aqueous Solution by Calcium Peroxide Activated with Ferrous Ion, Journal of hazardous Materials, 284: 253-260 (2015).
[20] Qian Y., Zhou X., Zhang Y., Zhang W., Chen J., Performance and Properties of Nanoscale Calcium Peroxide for Toluene Removal, Chemosphere, 91(5): 717-723 (2013).
[21] Cassidy D.P., Irvine R.L., Use of Calcium Peroxide to Provide Oxygen for Contaminant Biodegradation in a Saturated Soil, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 69(1): 25-39 (1999).
[22] Lee C.S., Le Thanh T., Kim E.J., Gong J., Chang Y.Y., Chang Y.S., Fabrication of Novel Oxygen-Releasing Alginate Beads as an Efficient Oxygen Carrier for the Enhancement of Aerobic Bioremediation of 1, 4-dioxane Contaminated Groundwater. Bioresource Technology, 171: 59-65 (2014).
[23] Bianchi‐Mosquera G.C., Allen‐King R.M., Mackay D.M., Enhanced Degradation of Dissolved Benzene and Toluene Using a Solid Oxygen‐Releasing Compound, Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 14(1): 120-128 (1994).
[24] Li S., Yan W., Zhang W.X., Solvent-Free Production of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) with Precision Milling, Green Chemistry, 11(10): 1618-1626 (2009).
[25] Khodaveisi J., Banejad H., Afkhami A., Olyaie E., Lashgari S., Dashti R., Synthesis of Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles as an Innovative Reagent for in Situ Chemical Oxidation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 192(3) 1437-1440 (2011).
[26] Walling C., Fenton's Reagent Revisited, Accounts of Chemical Research, 8(4): 125-131 (1975).
[27] Watts R.J., Teel A.L., Chemistry of Modified Fenton’s Reagent (Catalyzed H 2 O 2 Propagations–CHP) for in Situ Soil and Groundwater Remediation, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 131(4): 612-622 (2005).
[28] Watts R.J., Dilly S.E., Evaluation of Iron Catalysts for the Fenton-Like Remediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soils, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 51(1-3): 209-224 (1996).
[29] Kong, S. H., Watts, R. J., & Choi, J. H., Treatment of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils Using Iron Mineral Catalyzed hydrogen Peroxide, Chemosphere, 37(8): 1473-1482 (1998).
[30] Yeh C.K.J., Wu H.M., Chen T.C., Chemical Oxidation of Chlorinated Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid by Hydrogen Peroxide in Natural Sand Systems, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 96(1): 29-51 (2003).
[31] Furusawa T., Kurayama F., Shiba M., Kadota R., Sato M., Suzuki N., CaO-Loaded Alginate Capsule Modified with Silane Coupling Agents for Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methanol, Chemical Engineering Journal, 288: 473-481 (2016).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics