Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Ion Cadmium Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Nanocomposite Based on Chitosan/Functionalized Nano Graphene Platelet

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Behnam Eslami 1
Parvin Ehsani Namin 2
Islaeil Ghasemi 1
Hamed Azizi 1
Mohammad Karabi 1
1 Department of Plastics, Faculty of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
2 Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Unit, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 19585-936 Tehran, I.R. IRAN
Abstract
Toxicities of water sources due to the discharge of industrial effluents is a worldwide environmental problem. Industrial wastewater often contains a considerable amount of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, which would endanger public health and the environment.Cadmium Cd(II) is a toxic heavy metal, normally found in industrial wastewater, especially from metal plating industries, Cd–Ni batteries, phosphate fertilizer, mining, pigments, stabilizers, and alloys. Cd(II) adversely effects human health because of serious damage to the kidney, renal disturbances, and bones lesions. In this work, heavy metal ions were removed using biodegradable polymer based on chitosan and functionalized graphene with amine groups. Nanocomposite Samples containing 0.5, 1, 2, 5 wt.% of functionalized graphene were obtained via solution method. At first, graphene was oxidized with sulphuric and nitric acid then triethylenetetramine was grafted on the graphene surface. Functionalized graphene was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results showed functionalization of graphene was successfully accomplished. The morphology of nanocomposite was monitored by SEM. Adsorbing heavy metal ions (Cadmium) was investigated with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) and results revealed that the nanocomposite samples have a higher potential for ion metals adsorption than that of neat chitosan. The adsorption of nano samples for cadmium was increased around 20% in comparing to neat chitosan. The effect of sorbent concentration, pH, mixing time and heavy metal ion concentration was studied on the adsorption behavior and it was found that the optimum adsorption occurs at pH=7, 50 ppm ion metal concentration, 2h contact time and 25 mg of sorbent.
Keywords
Nanocomposite
Chitosan
Functionalized nano graphene platelet
Triethyl tetra amine
Subjects
[1] Tollefson J., Gilbert N., Earth Summit: Rio Report Card.,  Nature, 7401,486, 20–3 (2012).
[2] Weber, R., Watson, A., Persistent Organic Pollutants and Landfills-a Review of Past Experiences and Future Challenges, Waste Manag Res, 29: 107-121 (2011).
[3] Coen N., Mothersill C., Kadhim M., Wright E., Heavy Metals of Relevance to Human Health Induce Genomic Instability, The Journal of Pathology ,195: 293-299 (2001).
[4] Lee K.P., Arnot T.C., Mattia D., A Review of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Materials for Desalination-Development to Date and Future Potential,  Journal of Membrane Science, 370: 1-22 (2011).
[5] Barakat M.A., Schmidt E., Polymer-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Process for Heavy Metals Removal from Industrial Waste Water,  Desalination, 256: 90-93 (2010).
[6] Blanchard G., Maunaye M., Martin G., Removal of Heavy Metals from Waters by Means of Natural Zeolites.,Water Research, 18: 1501-1507 (1984).
[7] Ehsaninamin P., Adsorption of Cupper, Cobalt and Mangenez Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nano Tubes, Environment Protection Enginerring, 42: 75-85 (2016).
[8] Geim A.K., Novoselov K.S., The Rise of Graphene, Nat. Mater., 6: 183–91 (2007).
[9] Singh V., Joung D., Zhai L., Das S., Khondaker S.I., Seal S., Graphene Based Materials: Past, Present and Future,  Prog. Mater. Sci., 56(8): 1178–1271 (2011).
[10] Chen Y, Chen L, Bai H., Li L., Graphene Oxide–Chitosan Composite Hydrogels as Broad-Spectrum Adsorbents for Water Purification, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1: 1992 (2013).
[11] Chandra V., Park J., Chun Y., Lee J.W., Hwang I, Kim K.S., Water-Dispersible Magnetite-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for Arsenic Removal, ACS Nano, 4(7): 3979-86 (2010).
[12] Chandra V., Kim K.S., Highly Selective Adsorption of Hg2+ by a Polypyrrole-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite, Chem. Commun. (Camb), 47(13): 3942–4 (2011).
[13] Zhang N., Qiu H., Wang Y.Si., Gao J., Fabrication of Highly Porous Biodegradable Monoliths Strengthened by Graphene Oxide and Their Adsorption of Metal Ions, Carbon 49(3): 827–837 (2011).
[14] Li L., Fan L., Sun M., Qiu H., Li X., Duan H., Luo C., Adsorbent for Chromium Removal Based on Graphene Oxide Functionalized with Magnetic Cyclodextrin-Chitosan, Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces, 107: 76–83 (2013).
[15] Chen Y., Chen L., Bai H., Li L., Graphene Oxide–Chitosan Composite Hydrogels as Broad-Spectrum Adsorbents for Water Purification, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1(6): 1992-1999 (2013).
[16] Crini G., Recent Developments in Polysaccharide-Based Materials Used as Adsorbents in Wastewater Treatment, Prog. Polym. Sci., 30(1): 38–70 (2005).
[17] Benguella B., Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Chitin: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies, Water Res., 36 (10), 2463–2474 (2002).
[18] Benguella B., Benaissa H., Effects of Competing Cations on Cadmium Biosorption by Chitin, Water Res., 201: 143-150 (2002).
[19] Sillanpä M.E., Rämö J.H., Decomposition of Beta-Alaninediacetic Acid and Diethylenetriamine-Pentaacetic Acid by Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline Conditions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(7), 1379–84 (2001).
[20] Li X., Zhow H., Wu Z., Studies of Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption on Chitosan/Sulfydryl-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites, Journal of Collide & Interface Science, 448: 379-388 (2015).
[21] Verma R., Gupta V.D., Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Contaminated Water by Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Optical Fibre Sensor Using Conducting Polymer and Chitosan, Journal of Collide & Interface Science,166: 576-575 (2015).
[22] Pandey S., Tiwari S., Facile Approach to Synthesize Chitosan Based Composite-Characterization and Cadmium(II) Ion Adsorption Studies, Carbohydrate Polymers, 134: 646-646 (2015).