Investigation of Cooling Crystallization Parameters on the Morphologic Properties of Ammonium Perchlorate Crystals by Taguchi Method

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Chemistry, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, P.O.Box 16765-3454 Tehran, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

This research is aimed to investigate the effect of crystallization parameters like cooling rate, seeding ratio, a cooling trend, and agitation intensity on the morphological properties of ammonium perchlorate crystals. A solution of AP was prepared by solving industrial grade ammonium perchlorate into the pure water and recrystallization was conducted using a 1.3 L agitated batch crystallizer. The effects of the selected parameters were analyzed by applying Taguchi’s method. Resulted crystals were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the cooling rate has the greatest contribution to the roundness of the crystals and by optimization of the parameters, roundness and its standard deviation have been improved by 9.4% and 79% respectively. Compared to the industrial crystals, the crystallinity of the resulted crystals was also substantially enhanced.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] حسینی، سید قربان؛ ایومن، اسماعیل، بررسی فعالیت کاتالیست نانوذره های CuO در تجزیه گرمایی آمونیوم پرکلرات، نشریه شیمی و مهندسی شیمی ایران, 34: 13 تا 23 (1394).
[2] Kumari A., Mehilal, Jain S., Jain M.K., Bhattacharya B., Nano-Ammonium Perchlorate: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation in Composite Propellant Formulation, J. Energetic Mater., 31: 192-202 (2013).
[3] زنجیریان، ابراهیم، تهیه نانو پودر آمونیوم پرکلرات به روش میکروامولسیون ـ خشک کن انجمادی، مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی مواد پرانرژی، 2: 27 تا 37 (2012).
[4] Tung H., Paul E.L., Midler M., McCauley J.A., “Crystallization of Organic Compounds: An Industrial Perspective”, John Wiley & Sons, (2009).
[5] Armstrong R.W., “Dual Advantages of Ultrafine Crystal-Sized Energetic/Reactive Material Formulations”, Center For Energetic Concepts Development, University of Maryland College Park, Md, 20742, (2006).
[6] Amini, SM, Keshavarz, MH, Ghorbani, F, Mousavifar, A, Aghayari, M, Effect of Double Sizes (coarse/fine) Ammonium Perchlorate on the Viscosity of Composite Solid Propellant, J. Energetic Mater., 23: 61-66 (2014).
[7] Liu X., Yuan F., Wei Y., Grain Size Effect on the Hardness of Nanocrystal Measured by the Nanosize Indenter, Appl. Surf. Sci., 279: 159-166 (2013).
[8] Ayerst R.P., Phillips M.I., Solubility and Refractive Index of Ammonium Perchlorate in Water, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 11: 494-496 (1966).
[9] Lakshmi V.M., Chakravarthy S.R., Rajendran A.G., Thomas C.R., Effect of Crystallization Parameters and Presence of Surfactant on Ammonium Perchlorate Crystal Characteristics, Part. Sci. Technol., 1-9 (2015).
[10] Beckmann W., “Crystallization: Basic Concepts and Industrial Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2013).
[11] Fiordalis A., Georgakis C., Optimizing Batch Crystallization Cooling Profiles: The Design of Dynamic Experiments Approach, IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 43: 31-36 (2010).
[12] Choong K.L., Smith R., Optimization of Batch Cooling Crystallization, Chem. Eng. Sci., 59: 313-327 (2004)
[13] Mullin J.W., “Crystallization”, Butterworth-Heinemann, (2001).
[14] Myerson A.S., Ginde R., “Crystals, Crystal Growth, and Nucleation”, RSC Publication, (2007).
[15] Kane, SG, Evans, TW, Brian, PLT, Sarofim, AF, Determination of the Kinetics of Secondary Nucleation in Batch Crystallizers, AlChE J., 20: 855-862 (1974).
[16] Nienow A.W., The Effect of Agitation and Scale-up on Crystal Growth Rates and on Secondary Nucleation, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 54: 205-207 (1976).
[17] Putnis A., Pina C.M., Astilleros J.M., Fernández-Díaz L., Prieto M., Nucleation of Solid Solutions Crystallizing from Aqueous Solutions, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 361: 615-632 (2003).
[18] Ranjit K., “A Primer on the Taguchi Method”, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, (2010).
[19] Nalbant M., Gökkaya H., Sur G., Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Surface Roughness in Turning, Mater. Des., 28: 1379-1385 (2007).
[20] Ghani J.A., Choudhury I.A., Hassan H.H., Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of End Milling Parameters, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 145: 84-92 (2004).
Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran
Volume 37, Issue 4 - Serial Number 90
December 2018
Pages 223-233

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics