Extraction and Determination of Folic Acid in Fortified Breads

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Department of Food Science & Technology, Standard Research Institute (SRI), P.O. Box 31745-139 Karaj, I.R. IRAN

2 Resarch Department of Food Technology, National Nutrition and Foood Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741 Tehran, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

Occurrence of iron deficiency in different age groups in population of Iran shows the importance of food fortification by Occurrence of iron deficiency in different age groups in population of Iran shows the importance of food fortification by iron and Folic Acid (FA). Cereals especially wheat are the most suitable tool for fortification aims due to their majority in Iranian diet. On the other hand, determination of material concentration after fortification is necessary to inhibit overdose.Folic acid measurement in complex matrix of bread (particulary in very low concentration of ppm or mg/L) needs to set up of special analytical method for extraction from flour and bread also preconcentration of FA. In this research, measurement of FA content in fortified bread samples by HPLC system was conducted. Optimization of separation conditions in HPLC system for identification of folic acid was conducted by change of several reagent concentration (%v/v) to obtain optimum retention time of FA peak. To preconcentration of FA (from ppb to ppm level), three preparation methods including solid phase extraction, extraction with magnetic nano-particle and Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction (HF-LPME) (two and three phase modes) were evaluated. Based on obtained results two phase HF-LPME was selected. Optimization of separation by HF-LMPE with various solvents (n-octanol, n-hexanol, dodecan, isobutyl methyl ketone and benzyl alcohol) containing 10% w/v Aliquate 336 showed that octanol causes the maximum extraction efficiency. In this research effects of pH and time on efficiency of extraction were evaluated. Results show that pH=8 increases extraction efficiency. Also, by increasing time up to 45 min extraction efficiency was increased and then by further increase of time was decreased due to solvent loosing. Enrichment factor on the base of calibration curve slope with and without pre-condensation was calculated and 69 obtained. Extraction efficiency was calculated by enrichment factor and 3.5% was obtained. Spike method was used for confirmation of data accuracy. Also, FA preconcentration and separation was done in one hour. Samples (after texture degradation, extraction, separation and condensation) were injected to HPLC for concentration determination. Content of folic acid in bread samples was in the range of 0.3-1.0 mg/g with average of 5.9 mg/g bread, while the added concentration of folic acid to wheat flour was 1.5 mg/g. This difference is due to long time after bread preparation or temperature and time of cooking phase. Spike method confirmed the accuracy of data by error less than 10%. Resulted approaches from this research were evaluation of fortification efficiency, as well as set up of an accurate analytical method for extraction, preconcentration and determination of folic acid content in the range of mg/g in bread matrix for the first time in I.R. Iran.  

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Lim H.S., Mackey A.D., Tamura T., Wong S.C., Picciano M.F., Measurable Human Milk Folate is Increased by Treatment with α-Amylase and Proteases in Addition to Folate Conjugase, Food Chem. 63, p.401 (1998).
[2] Arcot J., Shrestha A.K., Gusanov U., Enzyme Protein Binding Assay for Determining Folic Acid in Fortified Cereal foods and Stability of Folic Acid Under Different Extraction Conditions, Food Control. 13, p. 245 (2002).
[3] Osseyi S.E., Wehling R.L., Albercht J.A., Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determining Added Folic Acid in Fortified Cereal Products, J. Chromatogr. A., 826, p. 235 (1998).
[4] Smith R.M., Before the Injection-Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for Separation Techniques, J. Chromatogr. A., 1000, p. 3 (2003).
[5] Lord H., Pawliszyn J., Microextraction of Drugs, J. Chromatogr. A., 902, p. 17 (2000).
[6] Belardi R.G., Pawliszyn J., The Application of Chemically Modified Fused silica Fibers in the Extraction of Organics from Water Matrix Samples and Their Rapid Transfer to Capillary Column, Water Pollut. Res. J. Can., 24, p. 179 (1989).
[7] Arthur C.L., Pawliszyn J., Capillary Isoelectric Focusing with Whole Column Detection and a Membrane Sample Preparation System, Anal. Chem., 62, p. 2145 (1990).
[8] Pawliszyn J., "Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice", Wiley VCH, New York (1997).
[9] Ulrich S., Solid- Phase Microextraction in Biomedical Analysis, J. Chromatogr. A. 902, p. 167 (2000).
[10] Mester Z., Sturgeon R., Pawliszyn J., Solid Phase Microextraction as a Tool for Trace Element Speciation, Spectro.Chim. Acta B., 56, p. 233 (2001).
[11] He Y., Lee H.K., Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Drop of Organic Solvent by Using a Conventional Microsyringe, Anal. Chem. 69, p. 4634 (1997).
[12] Psillakis E., Kalogerakis N., Developments in Single-Drop Microextraction, Trend. Anal. Chem., 21, p. 54 (2002).
[13] Liu S., Dasgupta P.K., Liquid Droplet. a Renewable Gas Sampling Interface, Anal. Chem., 67, p. 2042 (1995).
[14] Liu H., Dasgupta P.K., Analytical Chemistry in a Drop. Solvent Extraction in a Microdrop, Anal. Chem., 68, p. 1817 (1996).
[15] Jeannot M.A., Cantwell F.F., Solvent Microextraction into a Single Drop, Anal. Chem., 68, p. 2236 (1996).
[16] Xu L., Basheer C., Lee H.K., Developments in Single-Drop Microextraction, J. Chromatogr. A. 1152, p. 184 (2007).
[17] Zhao E., Han L., Jiang S., Wang Q., Zhou Z., Application of a Single-Drop Microextraction for the Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Juice, J. Chromatogr. A., 1114, p. 269 (2006).
[18] Johansson M., Witthoft C.M., Bruce A., Jagerstad M., Study of Wheat Breakfast Rolls Fortified with Folic Acid, Eur. J. Nut., 41, p. 279 (2002).
[19] Pawlosky R.J., Hertrampt E., Flanagan V.P., Thomas P.M., Mass Spectral Determinations of the Folic Acid Content of Fortified Breads from Chile, J. Food Compos. Anal., 16, p. 281 (2003).
[20] Gujska E., Majewska K., Effect of Baking process on Added Folic Acid and Endogenous FolatesStability in Wheat and Rye Breads, Plant Food. Hum. Nutr., 60, p. 37 (2005).
[21] Poo-Prito R., Hytowitz D.B., Holden J.M., Rogers G., Choumenkovitch S.F., Jacques P.F., Selhub J.,Use of the Affinity/HPLC Method forQuantitative Estimation of Folic Acid in Enriched Cereal-Grain Products, J. Nutr. 136, p. 3079 (2006).
[22] Faraji M., Yamini Y., Rezaee M., Extraction of Trace Amounts of Mercury with Sodium Dodecyle Sulphate-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles and Its Determination by Flow Injection Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry, Talanta, 81, p. 831 (2010).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics