Optimization of stabilization of titania nanoparticles on the surface of natural zeolite of Semnan by sonochemical method: Photocatalytic degradation of dye

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Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan,Iran

2 Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran

Abstract

In this study, Titania nanophotocatalysts based on natural zeolite of Semnan (TiO2/Clinoptilolite) were stabilized by fixing TiO2 nanoparticles on the zeolite surface by sonochemical method and the catalytic performance of this sample for degradation of methylene blue was investigated. The most important factors in the synthesis of nanophotocatalysts were the amount of zeolite, the amount of titanium butoxide as the titanium precursor and the irradiation time of ultrasonic waves were optimized using a response surface method. The highest degradation efficiency of aqueous methylene blue was obtained using a synthetic sample under the conditions of 0.33 g of clinoptilolite, 0.5 mg of titanium butoxide and 22 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation time. Samples synthesized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray scattering spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet spectroscopy Visible diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis DRS) were identified. The average crystal size of the optimal synthetic sample of TiO2/CPopt was calculated to be about 64 nm. EDX and FTIR results confirmed the successful synthesis of TiO2/CP nanophotocatalyst. The results of SEM and XRD characterization showed that TiO2 nanoparticles with a size of about 65-80 nm and in two crystalline phases of rutile and anatase were evenly distributed on clinoptilolite. The band gap of TiO2/CPopt photocatalyst was determined to be 3.9 eV. Using the optimal synthetic sample of TiO2/CPopt (0.3 g/L), the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue (30 ppm) was obtained by irradiating two UV lamps (6 watts) in 60 minutes equal to 50%. The degradation kinetics of methylene blue with TiO2/CPopt follow quasi-first-order theory (apparent constant of 0.0069 min-1). The results of stability test using the best synthetic sample indicated its good stability in three consecutive cycles.

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Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 18 March 2024

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