Investigation of Phenol Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Using Pomegranate Kernel Activated Carbon

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, I.R. IRAN

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, I.R. IRAN

Abstract

This study has investigated the efficiency of pomegranate kernel activated carbon in phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions. Artificially samples of wastewater containing phenol in a laboratory scale were prepared with deionized water and the influences of effective parameters such as initial pH of the solution, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial phenol concentration and the temperature were studied in a batch reactor. The residual phenol concentration in samples was determined with a spectrophotometer in 270 nm and the excel software was used for analyzing the experimental data. In order to kinetic study of phenol adsorption, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion were chosen. The results showed that the data has the best fit with the pseudo-second-order model. Also, accordance of the data with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models was investigated. The correlation coefficient value (R2=0.99) indicates that the adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGο), standard enthalpy (ΔHο) and standard entropy (ΔSο) was calculated in different temperature. Negative values of ΔGο and ΔHο demonstrate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic, respectively. The results showed the amount of phenol adsorbed increased when the contact time and adsorbent dosage increased and it was decreased with increasing the pH, phenol initial concentration and temperature. The maximum percentage of phenol adsorption on pomegranate kernel activated carbon in optimum condition (pH=2, adsorbent dosage=1.5 g, equilibrium time=30 minutes) in 100 mg/L initial phenol concentration was determined 94%. Based on the results of this study revealed that the pomegranate kernel activated carbon is a cheap and available adsorbent and has high potential to adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Busca G., Berardinelli S., Resini C., Arrighi L, Technologies for the Removal of Phenol from Fluid Streams: A Short Review of Recent Developments, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 160: 265-288 (2008).
[2] Ahmaruzzaman Md., Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds on Low-Cost Adsorbents, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 143: 48-67 (2008).
[3] Pacurariu C., Mihoc G., Popa A., Muntean S.G., Ianos R., Adsorption of Phenol and p-Chlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions on Poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene) Functionalized Materials, Chemical Engineering Journal, 222: 218-227 (2013).
[4] Veeresh G.S., Kumar P., Mehrotra I., Treatment of Phenol and Cresols in up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Process, Water Research, 39: 154-170 (2005).
[5] Alkaram U.F., Mukhlis A.A., Al-Dujaili A.H., The Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using Surfactant-Modified Bentonite and Kaolinite, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169: 324-332 (2009).
[6] Bayramoglu G., Gursel I., Tunali Y., Arica M.Y., Biosorption of Phenol and 2-Chlorophenol by Funalia Trogii Pellets, Bioresource Technology, 100 2685-2691 (2009).
[7] Caetano M., Valderrama C., FarranA., Cortina J.L., Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption and Ion Exchange Mechanisms onto Polymeric Resins, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 338: 402-409 (2009).
[8] Zagklis D.P., Vavouraki A.I., Kornaros M.E., Paraskeva Ch.A., Purification of Olive Mill Wastewater Phenols Through Membrane Filtration and Resin Adsorption/Desorption, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 285: 69-76 (2015).
[9] Yavuz Y., Koparal S., Electrochemical Oxidation of Phenol in a Parallel Plate Reaction Using Ruthenium Mixed Metal Oxide Electrode, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B136: 296-302 (2006).
[10] El-Naas M.H., Al-Zuhair S., Makhlouf S., Batch Degradation of Phenol in a Spouted Bed Bioreactor System, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16: 267-272 (2010).
[11] Yang C., Qian Y., Zhang L., Feng J., Solvent Extraction Process Development and On-Site Trial-Plant for Phenol Removal From Industrial Coal-Gasification Wastewater, Chemical Engineering Journal, 117(2): 179-185 (2006).
[12] Makrigianni V., Giannakas A., Deligiannakis Y., Adsorption of Phenol and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Pyrolytic Tire Char: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, (2015).
[13] Ahmad A., Rafatullah M., Sulaiman O., Ibrahim M.H., Chii Y.Y., Siddique B.M., Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) Ions From Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Sawdust of Meranti Wood, Desalination,247: 636-646 (2009).
[14] Lee H., Kim D., Kim J., Ji M.-K., Han Y.-S., Park Y.-T., Yun H.-Sh., Choi J., As(III) and As(V) Removal From the Aqueous Phase via Adsorption Onto Acid Mine Drainage Sludge (AMDS) Alginate Beads and Goethite Alginate Beads, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 292: 146-154 (2015).
[15] Özkaya B., Adsorption and Desorption of Phenol on Activated Carbon and a Comparison of Isotherm Models, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B129: 158-163 (2006).
[16] El Hannafi N., Boumakhla M.A., Berrama T., Bendjama Z., Elimination of Phenol by Adsorption on Activated Carbon Prepared from the Peach Cores: Modelling and Optimization, Desalination, 223: 264-268 (2008).
[17] Mohd Din A., Hameed B.H., Ahmad A.L., Batch Adsorption of Phenol Onto Physicochemical-Activated Coconut Shell, Journal of Hazardous Material, 161: 1522-1529 (2009).
[18] Alhamed Y.A., Adsorption Kinetics and Performance of Packed Bed Adsorber for Phenol Removal Using Activated Carbon From Date’s Stones, Journal of Hazardous Material, 170: 763-770 (2009).
[19] Girods P., Dufour A., Fierro V., Rogaume Y., Rogaume C., Zoulalian A., Celzard A., Activated Carbons Prepared from Wood Particleboard Wastes: Characterization and Phenol Adsorption Capacities, Journal of Hazardous Material, 166: 491-501 (2009).
[20] Mohammad Y.S., Shaibu- Imodagbe E.M., Igboro S.B., Giwa A.-R., Okuofu Ch.A., Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Phenol Adsorption onto Rice Husk Activated Carbon, Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 115-128 (2015).
[21] Amin N.K., Removal of Direct Blue-106 Dye from Aqueous Solution Using New Activated Carbons Developed from Pomegranate Peel: Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 165: 52-62 (2009).
[22] Uҫar S., Erdem M., Tay T., Karagöz S., Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Produced from Pomegranate Seeds by ZnCl2 Activation, Applied Surface Science, 255: 8890-8896 (2009).
[23] Noori Sepehr M., Kazemian H., Ghahramani E., Amrane A., Sivasankar V., Zarrabi M., Defluoridation of Water via Light Weight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA): Adsorbent Characterization, Competing Ions, Chemical Regeneration, Equilibrium and Kinetic Modeling, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (2014).
[24] Gülbeyi Dursun, Handan Ҫiҫek, Arzu Y. Dursun, Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution by Using Carbonised Beet Pulp, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B125: 175-182 (2005).
[25] Rathinam A., Raghava Rao J., Adsorption of Phenol onto Activated Carbon from Seaweed: Determination of the Optimal Experimental Parameters Using Factorial Design, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42: 952-956 (2011).
[26] Huang Y., Ma X., Liang G., Yan H., Adsorption of Phenol with Modified Rectorite from Aqueous Solution, Chemical Engineering Journal, 141: 1-8 (2008).
[27] Chaouati N., Soualah A., Chater M., Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution onto Zeolites Y Modified by Silylation, C. R. Chimie, 16: 222-228 (2013).
[28] Abdel-Ghani N.T., El-Chaghaby G.A., Helal F.S., Individual and Competitive Adsorption of Phenol and Nickel onto Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Journal of Advanced Research (2014).
[29] Kim T.Y., Jin H.J., Park S.S., Kim S.J., Cho S.Y., Adsorption Equilibrium of Copper Ion and Phenol by Powdered Activated Carbon, Alginate Bead and Alginate-Activated Carbon Bead, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 14: 714-719 (2008).
[30] Bohli T., Fiol N., Villaescusa S., Ouederni A., Adsorption on Activated Carbon from Olive Stones: Kinetics and Equilibrium of Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution, Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology (2013).
[31] Ahmed M.J., Theydan S.K., Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies of Phenolic Compounds Adsorption on Palm-Tree Fruit Stones, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84: 39-45 (2012).
[32] Lin K., Pan J., Chen Y., Cheng R., Xu X., Study the Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution on Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161: 231-240 (2009).
[33] Li B., Sun K., Guo Y., Adsorption Kinetics of Phenol from Water on Fe/AC, Fuel, 110: 99–106 (2013).
[34] Ho Y.S., Citation Review of Lagergren Kinetic Rate Equation on Adsorption Reaction, Scientometrics, 59: 171-177 (2004).
[35] Ho Y.S., Mckay G., Pseudo-Second order Model for Sorption Processes, Process Biochemistry, 34: 451-465 (1999).
[36] Hameed B.H., Rahman A.A., Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Biomass Material, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 160: 576-581 (2008).
[37] Leili M., Faradmal J., Kosravian F., Heydari M., A Comparison Study on the Removal of Phenol From Aqueous Solution Using Organomodified Bentonite and Commercial Activated Carbon, Avicenna J Environ Health Eng. (2015).
[38] El-Naas M.H., Al-Zuhair S., Alhaija M.A., Removal of Phenol from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Through Adsorption on Date-Pit Activated Carbon, Chemical Engineering Journal, 162: 997-1005 (2010).
[39] Shojaeimehr T., Rahimpour F., Khadivi M.A., Sadeghi M., A Modeling Study by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on Cu2+ Adsorption Optimization Using Light Expended Clay Aggregate (LECA), Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (2014).
[40] Dakhil I.H., Removal of Phenol from Industrial Wastewater Using Sawdust, International Journal of Engineering and Science (2013).
[41] Renault F., Morin-Crini N., Gimbert F., Badot P.-M., Crini G., Cationized Starch-Based Material as a New Ion-Exchanger Adsorbent for the Removal of C.I. Acid Blue 25 from Aqueous Solutions, Bioresource Technology, 99: 7573-7586 (2008).
[42] Fierro V., Torné-Fernández V., Montané D., Celzard A., Adsorption of Phenol onto Activated Carbons Having Different Textural and Surface Properties, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 111: 276-284 (2008).
[43] Bouhamed F., Elouear Z., Bouzid J., Adsorptive Removal of Copper(II) from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon Prepared from Tunisian Date Stones: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43: 741-749 (2012).
[44] Ahmaruzzaman M., Sharma D.K., Adsorption of Phenols from Wastewater, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 287: 14-24 (2005).
[45] Miao Q., Tang Y., Xu J., Liu X., Xiao L., Chen Q., Activated Carbon Prepared from Soybean Straw for Phenol Adsorption, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 44: 458-465 (2013).
[46] Jadhav A.J., Srivastava V.Ch., Adsorbed Solution Theory Based Modeling of Binary Adsorption of Nitrobenzene, Aniline and Phenol onto Granulated Activated Carbon, Chemical Engineering Journal, 229: 450-459 (2013).
[47] Li J.-M., Meng X.-G., Hu Ch.W., Du J., Adsorption of Phenol, p-Chlorophenol and p-Nitrophenol onto Functional Chitosan, Bioresource Technology, 100: 1168-1173 (2009).
[48] Namasivayam C., Yamuna R.T., Adsorption of Direct Red 12 B by Biogas Residual Slurry: Equilibrium and Rate Processes, Environmental Pollution, 89: 1-7 (1995).
[49] Liu Q.-S., Zheng T., Wang P., Jiang J.-P., Li N., Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Mechanism Studies of Some Substituted Phenols on Activated Carbon Fibers, Chemical Engineering Journal, 157: 348-356 (2010).
[50] Namasivayam C., Ranganathan K., “Removal of Cd(II) from Wastewater by Adsorption on Waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) Hydroxide”, Water Research (1994).
[51] Jain C.K., Singhal D.C., Sharma M.K., Adsorption of Zinc on Bed Sediment of River Hindon: Adsorption Models and Kinetics, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B114: 231-239 (2004).
Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran
Volume 36, Issue 4 - Serial Number 86
December 2017
Pages 145-159

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics